432 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



is largely preventive. Good food and care are about all the treat- 

 ment necessary. (Ind. B. 100. ) 



PNEUMONIA. 



Causes. It is not uncommon for the inflammation to extend 

 from the air passages to the lungs and the animal have a serious at- 

 tack of pneumonia. Plethora is the principal predisposing factor. 

 Among the exciting causes can be mentioned fatigue and impure 

 air. In young hogs the lung worm will frequently cause a lobular 

 pneumonia. 



Symptoms. Pneumonia may come on quickly, beginning with 

 a chill and attended with a high fever, or as a complication of some 

 other respiratory disease. The hog will remain down most of the 

 time, hiding under the litter and will eat nothing or but very little. 

 The respirations are hurried. Exercise is followed by marked ex- 

 haustion, sometimes by death. The cough is at first deep and dry, 

 later more moist. During the first stage of the inflammation, the 

 period of congestion, the cough may be accompanied by hemor- 

 rhage. Other symptoms will be revealed in thin, quiet hogs by 

 placing the ear to the side of the chest and listening to the lung 

 sounds (auscultation). In the very earliest stage of pneumonia a 

 crepitating sound may be heard in the diseased area, later when the 

 engorgement of the air cells occurs, the healthy murmurs and the 

 crepitating sounds are deadened. When the lung tissue is returning 

 to the normal state, the crepitating sounds can again be heard. The 

 disease may involve one lung or part of both. The chances for re- 

 covery are 'better in lean than in fat hogs, as the disease is usually 

 less severe. The attack runs a course of from ten days to two or 

 three weeks. 



Treatment. The hog should be given a comfortable pen and 

 kept as quiet as possible. If it will eat, a light sloppy diet should be 

 fed. To keep the bowels loose, from one to three ounces of castor oil 

 can be administered occasionally. As a counter-irritant to the sides 

 of the chest the following liniment can be used ; oil of turpentine ten 

 parts, croton oil one part. If the heart action is weak, from five to 

 ten drops of tincture of digitalis should be given every three or four 

 hours. During the convalescent stage, if the animal appears weak, 

 alcoholic stimulants can be given. (Ind. B. 100.) 



PLEURISY. 



This is an inflammation of the membrane lining the chest cav- 

 ity and covering the lungs. Causes. Pleurisy may develop during 

 the course of pneumonia. Sudden chilling of the body, especially if 

 overheated, exposure to cold and damp pens are common causes. It 

 may occur in the different contagious diseases (hog cholera, swine 

 plague, and tuberculosis) . 



Symptoms. The early symptom of the disease is chilling. 

 Sometimes the hog is lame in one or the other of the fore legs and ap- 

 pears stiff when it walks. The appetite is poor and the hog is rest- 

 less or lies down most of the time. The breathing is highly charac- 

 teristic. The ribs are held rigid and the respirations are short and 

 jerky, the movement being noticed mostly in the flank. The body 



