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at irregular intervals. There is a profuse, watery discharge from 

 the nostrils, causing the animal to blow violently when first getting 

 out of bed or after eating. The animal can not exercise freely 

 owing to the difficult respiration. The attacks, which are mild and 

 of intermittent character at first, become more severe and the con- 

 dition is persistent. The discharge changes from a thin, water 

 secretion to one containing blood, to thick mucus, and finally yel- 

 lowish or purulent. Nose bleeding is frequent owing to the violent 

 efforts to clear the nose. There is a cough, the eyes become red and 

 the tears flow, the hair roughens and the whole appearance is 

 "dumpish." There is difficulty in seizing, grinding and swallowing 

 the food, owing to the soreness of the mouth and throat. The 

 trouble runs a course of from one to five weeks and death comes 

 from starvation or asphyxia. Those that recover nearly always 

 remain stunted. A post-mortem examination of such a case shows 

 the mucous membrane lining the nasal chambers to be greatly 

 thickened, practically blocking the air passages. The turbinates 

 and the septum become so crowded by the uneven pressure that 

 they are deformed. The effect is to produce a blunt, thickened, 

 more or less twisted nose, depending upon the uneven changes in 

 the different bones. In the rachitic form we have essentially the 

 same changes take place in the nose, and in addition there are 

 changes in the bones in other parts of the body. The legs become 

 curved and misshapen, and often there is breaking down on the 

 feet. Not infrequently, too, there will be bulging of the bones of 

 the head, as in hydrocephalus. 



Causes. The cause of the trouble is not definitely known. By 

 some all the cases are regarded as being primarily due to a lack of 

 development of the bones in the nose, thus predisposing to catarrhal 

 trouble. Others consider that the trouble may be catarrhal from 

 the beginning, due to catching cold, and that the changes in the 

 bones are secondary. The writer is of the opinion that some cases 

 belong to one class and some to the other. The disease is sometimes 

 described as being contagious, but we are not in possession of facts 

 to justify such a statement. It is more probable that the conditions 

 which give rise to the trouble in one pig may also affect others. It 

 is frequently observed to affect all the pigs belonging to one litter, 

 but I have never witnessed the trouble pass from the pigs of one 

 litter to pigs of another. It has also been observed in four suc- 

 cessive litters from the same mother, thus showing a hereditary 

 tendency. There were also other evidences of rickets present. We 

 find this trouble in pigs kept under good hygienic conditions as 

 well as in those that are subject to exposure and poorly nourished, 

 and it is more common in those breeds with stubby, turned-up noses 

 than of the straight variety. 



Treatment. The best treatment is to destroy such pigs. It 

 will end their misery and save expense. The majority will die and 

 those that recover will not be worth feeding in nine cases out of 

 ten. Those who wish to try to save them should put the pigs upon 

 a good pasture and feed sweet milk. Corn should not be given, or, 



