492 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



to allow the sow to farrow again the same year. This shows how 

 very rapidly a farm may be stocked with healthy swine after the 

 total slaughter of a tuberculous lot. The early age at which the 

 sow may be bred, her capacity for breeding twice a year, and the 

 plural number of her offspring are forceful arguments for the total 

 destruction of every diseased drove of hogs and the breeding up 

 in clean, healthy charters of a sound healthy drove in its stead. 



As tuberculosis seldom attacks the swine of a farm except 

 through tuberculous cattle, the tuberculin test should be applied to 

 all of the cattle on the place and all tuberculous animals among 

 them should be destroyed at the time of disposing of the hogs. 

 (B. A. I. Cir. 144.) 



Disinfection. With the hogs all removed from the place and 

 no tuberculous cattle remaining, attention should next be given to 

 disinfecting the premises, so that no center of infection may be 

 left to contaminate future purchases of live stock. The disinfec- 

 tion of pens and stables may be accomplished by thoroughly clean- 

 ing them, scrubbing the floors with hot water, brushing down all 

 loose dust from the walls, and tearing out all woodwork which has 

 become partly decayed. The interior of the pens or stables should 

 then be carefully covered with a coating of lime wash containing 

 1 part of formalin to 30 parts of the lime wash, or 4 ounces of 

 formalin to each gallon of the lime preparation. The yards should 

 be carefully cleaned at the same time, especial attention being given 

 to the removal of all rubbish and litter from the dark, shady cor- 

 ners. Lime, or a 3 per cent solution of carbolic acid, may then 

 be sprinkled upon these dark portions of the yards. In all of the 

 open portions of the yard the action of the direct rays of the sun 

 will very quickly destroy all the virulence of the scattered tubercle 

 bacilli. 



The premises now being cleansed, healthy foundation stock 

 may be procured, and if proper attention is given to keeping the 

 cattle of the farm free from tuberculosis and to supplying the hogs 

 with suitable food, the owner may feel every reasonable assurance 

 that he has seen the last of tuberculosis among his swine. The 

 trouble, time, and expense required will be more than repaid by the 

 advantages gained. It has been quite conclusively shown that 

 swine acquire their infective tuberculous material from cattle, man- 

 kind, or poultry, but principally cattle. 



Tuberculosis can not develop spontaneously in swine, but 

 must be acquired from some outside source, and the farmer whose 

 yards and stables have been thoroughly freed from the disease 

 need fear no reappearance of the disease, except when introduced 

 from some outside point of infection. In case the disease has only 

 recently been introduced among the hogs it would be advisable to 

 apply the tuberculin test that the affection may be detected in the 

 early stages, in order that the hog raiser may clean up his herd 

 with as little loss as possible. (B. A. I. Cir. 144.) 



Pasteurization of Milk for Feed. The heating of all milk 

 when received at public creameries to 176 F., or 80 C., has been 



