DISEASES OF SW7NE 493 



found most effective in preventing the spread of tuberculosis to 

 the animals consuming the by-products of such creameries. Den- 

 mark was one of the pioneers in this movement, having in 1898 

 passed a law requiring all skimmed milk and all buttermilk to be 

 warmed to 185 F. before it could be distributed from any cream- 

 ery to its patrons for feeding purposes. It was found, however, 

 that this degree of heat was harmful to the product, and in 1904 

 the required temperature was reduced to 176 F., experiments 

 having proved that no tubercle bacilli could withstand this amount 

 of heat. (B. A. I. Cir. 144.) 



Propaganda Among Farmers and Dairymen. While pam- 

 phlets, popular articles, and public notices would be extremely 

 useful in eradicating tuberculosis in swine, it would probably be 

 more satisfactory to explain to the hog raiser by word of mouth 

 the methods to be followed. As this suppression of tuberculosis 

 is entirely voluntary on his part, a powerful propaganda is of the 

 greatest value, and the veterinarian is the best equipped man avail- 

 able for the work. The State should also assist by employing vet- 

 erinarians to give public lectures in towns and townships, as is 

 being done at present in Sweden. We now have absolute knowl- 

 edge that the vast majority of cases of hog tuberculosis are pro- 

 duced by (1) Raw milk and slime from creameries; (2) Hand- 

 separated milk from tuberculous cattle; (3) Feeding behind tu- 

 berculous cattle; (4) Feeding tuberculous carcasses; (5) Feeding 

 slaughterhouse offal. 



It therefore behooves veterinarians to educate their clients as 

 to the proper methods of preventing this disease, as they would rec- 

 ommend a proper feeding ration or proper construction of a stable. 

 Hog raisers should be instructed to (1) scald all raw products re- 

 turned from the creamery; (2) to test their cattle if a hand separa- 

 tor is used on the farm, or in the absence of such a test, to scald 

 the skimmed milk; (3) to let the hogs feed behind cattle only 

 when the latter have withstood the tuberculin test; (4) to feed 

 carcasses of animals that have died from any cause, or offal from 

 the slaughterhouse, only after the meat and offal have been thor- 

 oughly cooked. 



Sooner or later the packer and slaughterer are going to buy 

 hogs subject to the post-mortem inspection, as they are at present 

 doing in some of the large packing centers with certain classes of 

 female cattle; and the hog raiser who continues to fatten his hogs 

 with tuberculous material should be made to sustain the losses aris- 

 ing from his lack of knowledge, skepticism, or indifference. The 

 innocent purchaser, who can not be familiar with the methods 

 of feeding in vogue on the farms of the different breeders, should 

 not be expected to bear such losses, nor should the intelligent hog 

 raiser who produces healthy hogs by carrying out minutely the 

 known and proved methods of prevention be obliged to bear a por- 

 tion of the burden caused by the careless or ignorant hog raiser, 

 as is the case at present. Today the hog buyer must make nis pur- 

 chases with the absolute knowledge that a certain proportion of 



