DISEASES OF SWINE 525 



late, the bristles drop out or become matted and the skin is greatly 

 thickened and wrinkled. In old cases the scales on the skin give it 

 a dirty white color. The mites live in galleries in the deeper lay- 

 ers of the skin and they multiply rapidly. Hog mange is not com- 

 municable to other animals. 



Treatment. Hog mange is difficult to treat. It does not seem 

 to travel rapidly among hogs, and can be controlled by isolating or 

 destroying the affected animals. The pig houses and pens should 

 be disinfected or the pigs moved to fresh quarters after being treated. 

 The skin must be rubbed with a strong alkaline soap before apply- 

 ing the remedy in order to remove as many of the scabs as pos- 

 sible. A tobacco dip can be used, but in severe cases a mixture of 8 

 parts of turpentine and one part flowers of sulphur is a better rem- 

 edy. It is best to apply the remedy with a brush and rub the skin 

 quite hard. Sulphur or nitrate of lead ointment may be applied 

 when the infection is slight. (Ind. B. 100.) 



For mange, use equal parts sulphur and lard, with enough 

 kerosene to make a paste. (Mo. Cir. 28.) 



WORMS. 



Intestinal worms most frequently infest growing pigs, but the 

 young animals usually withstand their ill effects successfully and 

 get rid of the parasites, if generously fed and properly managed. 

 Insufficiently fed, neglected pigs, living in dirty pens and yards, 

 fed from filthy troughs and swill barrels, drinking contaminated 

 water, bathing in old hog wallows and rooting and sleeping in 

 manure piles and stock bottoms, soon are infested with worms. In 

 consequence they fail to thrive and become pot-bellied, rickety, 

 profitless runts, or quickly succumb to the effects of parasites, or of 

 some ailment readily acquired and made deadly by their presence. 



The round worm is most commonly found, and inhabits the 

 small intestines. The thorn-headed worm also inhabits the small 

 intestines and adheres to the lining membrane by hooks. This 

 worm is less common and fewer in numbers than the round worm, 

 but causes more irritation. Other worms met with in the intestines 

 do little harm and the kidney worm, so often spoken of by farmers, 

 is comparatively rare and does not cause paralysis of the hind 

 quarters as commonly supposed. The lung worm, found in the air 

 passages of the lungs, is a common cause of cough. 



For destroying worms, turpentine is a proper remedy, being 

 given in the slop for three successive mornings at the rate of one 

 teaspoon ful for each 80 pounds of live weight. Sulphate of iron 

 (copperas) is an effective remedy, if given as follows: Dissolve half 

 a pound of copperas in warm water, and mix in the slop for 100 pigs 

 for 5 successive mornings and repeat as required. Either turpentine 

 or copperas may be given occasionally as preventives in herds where 

 worms have been prevalent. In bad cases, where immediate action 

 is imperative, affected pigs may be given 5 grains of calomel and 8 

 grains santonin for every 100 pounds of live weight. The pigs 

 should be starved for at least 12 hours before receiving this medi- 



