DISEASES OF SWINE 545 



by using a spray-pump or sprinkling-can. The hogs are closely 

 confined in a pen and the dipping fluid sprayed upon them, scrub- 

 bing them at the same time with a stiff brush. The objection to 

 this method is that the skin on the underside of the body and in- 

 side of the legs is not thoroughly treated. 



Dips. One of the most efficient and economical remedies, 

 where it is necessary to treat quite a number of animals, is the lime 

 and sulphur dip, such as is used for dipping sheep for scab. We 

 have used the following formula: 



Fresh Lime 8 pounds. 



Flowers of Sulphur 24 pounds. 



Water 100 gallons. 



The solution is prepared as follows: Weigh the lime and sul- 

 phur carefully. Slake the lime with sufficient water to form a thick 

 paste. Sift in the sulphur and mix well with a hoe. Put this 

 mixture in a kettle with twenty-five or thirty gallons of water and 

 boil for at least one hour; two hours is better. When ready for 

 use, add sufficient water to make 100 gallons of dip. In using this 

 dip for sheep it is allowed to settle and only the clear, orange- 

 colored liquid is used. The sediment is rejected, as it is liable to 

 injure the wool. In dipping swine, however, the whole mass is 

 used. This dip should be used warm 100 to 110 Fahrenheit. 

 In our work, where we had a steam boiler available, the lime and 

 sulphur dip was cooked by running a steam pipe to the bottom of a 

 barrel standing on end. It can be cooked quickly and satisfac- 

 torily in this manner. We also have a steam pipe extending along 

 the bottom of the dipping vat to heat the dip to the required tm- 

 perature. A swine raiser of the State, who used the lime and sul- 

 phur dip upon our suggestion, reports as follows: "We treated our 

 hogs with the lime and sulphur for mange, as you directed, and 

 the disease seems to be destroyed, as the hogs are peeling off 

 nicely." 



Other excellent remedies are the coal-tar dips. There are 

 many of these dips on the market. They are made from the prod- 

 uces of the distillation of coal tar and have a variety of trade 

 names. Creoline is one of these preparations. They are all dark, 

 colored liquids with a strong coal-tar odor, and when mixed with 

 water form a milky-white or slightly brownish emulsion. We have 

 tried several kinds with excellent results, but we can not say that 

 any one is better than the others. Practically all druggists sell 

 these dips. We would advise using a dip made by a well-known 

 and reliable firm. These dips should be used at the strength of 

 one part of the dip to forty or fifty parts of water. If rain water is 

 obtainable, it is preferable to hard water. These dips should be 

 used warm. 



Kerosene emulsion gives fairly good results, but is hardly 

 equal to either of the preceding, judging from a limited number of 

 tests. A formula for kerosene emulsion is as follows: Dissolve 

 one-fourth pound hard soap, or one quart of soft soap, in two 



