546 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



quarts of boiling water. When dissolved, add one pint of kerosene 

 oil and emulsify by churning or pumping violently until the whole 

 is of a creamy consistency. When ready for use add two quarts 

 of water and use warm. Soft water should be used if possible. The 

 animals should be thoroughly dipped or scrubbed with this emul- 

 sion. 



Applying the Dip. In treating swine for mange, it is very 

 important that the animals be kept wet with the solution until all 

 the scabs are thoroughly soaked through. The necks and backs of 

 the animals should be scrubbed with a stiff brush to remove all the 

 scabs possible, and give the remedy a good opportunity to soak in, 

 so that it will reach and kill all the parasites. It is very important 

 to dip or treat all the infected swine twice; the second time eight 

 to ten days after the first. The first dipping, if properly done, kills 

 all parasites, but does not destroy the eggs. These will all hatch 

 within a week and a second dipping will completely cure the disease. 

 Always treat all animals thoroughly twice, the second time ten days 

 after the first. Frequently one dipping gives such good results that 

 the owner does not think a second is necessary, but this is a mistake. 



It is especially important to treat young pigs. This is best 

 done at weaning time. If they are thoroughly treated twice and 

 placed in clean, uninfected quarters where they will not come in 

 contact with other mange swine, they will remain free from mange. 

 Ointments composed of lard, or other grease, and kerosene and sul- 

 phur, are often used. Such an ointment should not contain more 

 than one part of kerosene to four parts of lard or other grease. One 

 pint of lard, one teacupful of kerosene oil and two teacupfuls of 

 flowers of sulphur, thoroughly mixed, make a very good ointment 

 for local application, but not equal to the solutions described. 



It is possible that a heavy grade of crude petroleum, such as is 

 used for dipping cattle for mange and ticks in the Southwest, would 

 prove an efficient remedy for swine mange, but we have not had an 

 opportunity to test it. It can be used in a dipping tank by filling 

 the tank nearly full of water and adding a layer of two or three 

 inches of oil. Another way is to spray the animals with a mixture 

 of oil and water. 



Cleaning the Quarters. After dipping or treating swine, they 

 should be placed in clean, uninfected quarters. To disinfect quar- 

 ters, all litter and dirt should be thoroughly removed and scattered 

 on land not frequented by swine. The floors, partitions and other 

 parts should be thoroughly saturated with one of the dipping solu- 

 tions described above. They are best applied by a force pump, 

 which drives the solution into all cracks. After it is well dried, the 

 pens should be whitewashed, care being taken to fill all cracks well. 

 An excellent disinfecting whitewash is made as follows: 



Fresh lime 25 pounds 



Flowers of sulphur 15 pounds 



Mix the sulphur with a little water to a paste. Add the lime 

 and 30 gallons of water and cook for an hour. Then add water 



