562 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



Kerosene may be used in conjunction with naphthaline. Dis- 

 solve in kerosene all the flake naphthaline it will take, and paint 

 the roosts and nests with this saturated solution every week or so for 

 a few months. Sawdust wet with this liquid may be placed in the 

 nest, but should be put beneath the straw, so that the eggs will not 

 rest upon it. Naphthaline is not poisonous, however, and may be 

 handled without danger. (Agr. Dep. Bu. Ent. Cir. 92.) 



Other Lice on Poultry. Chickens are subject to the attacks of 

 various other lice with habits similar to those of the species men- 

 tioned, but most of them are not common. One, Monopon biseria- 

 tum Piaget, is very like the common "hen louse," but larger, and 

 with a more elongate body. Others belong to the genera Lipeurus 

 Goniodes and Goniocotes. Several of these are known as "gray 

 sucker lice." They do not move around as much as the Menopons 

 and are often confined to one part of the body. Sometimes they 

 bury their heads in the scales of the skin or close to the base of a 

 feather and remain a long time in one position. The species of 

 Lipeurus are more slender than the common lice, and the Goniodes 

 and Goniocotes are broader, with more prominent feelers or an- 

 tennae, and with darker spots on the borders of the body. The rem- 

 edies used against the common hen louse will at the same time de- 

 stroy any of these other lice that happen to be present. (Dep. Agr. 

 Bu. Ent. Cir. 92.) 



The Chicken Tick. Next to man the chicken is probably more 

 parasitized than any of the domesticated animals. While none of 

 the species which infest it are hard to control if due diligence is ex- 

 ercised, the fact remains that thousands of chickens die annually 

 from the invasion of one or another parasite, or, if they are not 

 killed, are reduced to such a condition as to render them wholly un- 

 profitable. This is true not only of the internal but also of the ex- 

 ternal parasites. Everyone who has kept chickens has probably had 

 some experience with gapeworms, and know how difficult it is to rid 

 the flock of them and how very fatal they are to young chicks. The 

 game may be said of intestinal worms. While the symptoms are not 

 so apparent in this latter form of parasitic disease, the death rate is 

 often as high, especially where the true condition is not detected. 

 With the external parasite there is probably no chicken raiser who 

 has not had some experience, usually a bitter one ; for wherever there 

 is a flock, there are bound to be lice, and it will depend entirely upon 

 the energy of the owner whether the insects increase or are kept down 

 to a point where they can do no appreciable damage. 



Of the external parasites there are two kinds the ones which 

 eat the feathers, known technically as Mallophaga; and the blood- 

 suckers, part of which belong to the Arachnida and others to the 

 Insecta. If the chickens are provided with a good dusting place 

 they will themselves take care of the feather-eating varieties; but 

 those infested with blood-sucking parasites must be assisted, and it is 

 only by the continual application of the most approved remedies 

 that the insects can be kept under control. If they are not con- 

 trolled, the birds are soon reduced to such a condition of poverty that 



