580 HORSE, SWINE AND POVLTRY DISEASES 



in the same district in which the disease occurs in fowls, and exam- 

 ples of tuberculosis in both cattle and fowls on the same ranch have 

 been observed. Attempts by Gilbert and Roger* to transmit the 

 disease from man or cattle to fowls have usually failed. Successful 

 transmission of the disease to fowls from man or cattle has rarely 

 been accomplished. 



Tuberculosis in man is not noticeably prevalent in the com- 

 munity where most cases of the disease in fowls have been found, for 

 it is not frequented by consumptives in search of favorable climatic 

 conditions. The possibility of the transmission of tuberculosis from, 

 poultry to man is a matter concerning which it is exceedingly diffi- 

 cult to collect evidence. The fact that chickens, when eaten, are 

 always well cooked indicates that there is practically no danger 

 from that source. It has not been proven that tuberculosis is trans- 

 mitted through the egg, and furthermore, most eggs are well cooked 

 when served. It does not appear, therefore, that tuberculosis in 

 fowls is a matter that very intimately concerns public health. 



Summary for the Control of Tuberculosis. Kill all fowls show- 

 ing symptoms of the disease. Separate the flock of affected fowls 

 as thoroughly as possible from the healthy ones. Spray the roosting- 

 houses with a disinfectant as frequently as is consistent with the ex- 

 pense and value of the fowls. Take care to keep the young pullets 

 away from the diseased stock or from land recently occupied by 

 the latter. (Calif. B. 161.) 



FOWL CHOLERA. 



The disease now known as fowl cholera has been recognized in 

 Europe as a serious menace to poultry raising since the latter part of 

 the 18th century. It was not, however, until past the middle of the 

 19th century that the fact of its contagious character was fully es- 

 tablished and strict quarantine regulations adopted to prevent its 

 spread from one country to another. At the present time the dis- 

 ease is common throughout all Europe and produces annually very 

 great losses to the poultry industry in nearly all branches. Al- 

 though the disease does not appear, from current reports, to be pres- 

 ent in England,t it was probably present in this country not long 

 after 1875. Soon after this date several epidemics were reported 

 which it cannot be doubted were fowl cholera. After its first appear- 

 ance in the United States, it was many years before the disease had 

 spread sufficiently to attract even the attention of students of poul- 

 try problems; and even now, although the indefinite term, "cholera/' 

 is frequently on the lips of poultrymen, very few of them really 

 know the nature of the malady, but group under the name, cholera, 

 a varied assortment of ailments which have various causes, and no 

 relation whatever to the real fowl cholera. 



*Gilbert and Eoger, in collaboration with Cadiot: Contribution a 1 'etude 

 de la tuberculose avaire. Etudes de Pathologie et de Clinique. 



^Although not generally reported in England, there can be little doubt 

 of its presence there. The same applies to several other poultry diseases. No 

 definite study of the diseases of poultry in Great Britain appears ever to have 

 been made. 



