608 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



clean the water supply daily. In the treatment of the isolated sick 

 birds the indications are to clean out, clean up, clean the water sup- 

 ply, and apply local treatment (Epsom salt may be administered 

 twice and even three times a week until signs of improvement are 

 manifested). Local treatment will vary according to the different 

 phases assumed by the disease. Nevertheless, all portions of the upper 

 air and food passages should receive some attention. This is required 

 by the intimate relationship existing between mouth, throat, gullet, 

 windpipe, cleft palate, nostrils, orbit, and groove (sinus) surround- 

 ing the orbit. 



In all cases, by means of a medicine dropper or a small oil can, 

 inject into the nostrils a few drops of peroxide of hydrogen. Flush 

 the eyes with a saturated (4 per cent) solution of boric acid (1 

 heaping dessert-spoonful to 1 pint of water, preferably boiled 

 water), or with a wash composed of 1 heaping dessert-spoonful of 

 powdered borax to 1 pint of water. Remove all cheesy matter by 

 means of a thin probe covered with absorbent cotton and wet with 

 the solution of boric acid or borax. The mouth and throat should 

 be swabbed freely with a mixture of equal parts of peroxide of hy- 

 drogen and boiled water. Cheesy matter in the cleft palate and 

 canker patches in the mouth should be scraped away and the ex- 

 posed surfaces painted with peroxide of hydrogen. Swellings under 

 or around the eye are phases of roup and are best treated locally by 

 injections into the nostrils and incision of the skin over the center 

 of the lump, when, by a little pressure the contents usually roll out 

 like the yolk of a hard-boiled egg. The cavity may be painted 

 iwith tincture of iodine. 



Chickenpox, or sorehead, is by some eminent investigators re- 

 carded as another manifestation of roup. Others equally prominent 

 doubt the identity of the two affections. It is, however, a contagious 

 disease, and, if treated, should be dealt with upon the same prin- 

 ciples outlined above for roup. The indications are to clean out, 

 clean up, clean the water supply, and apply local treatment. This 

 last consists in removing the warts or scabs as they form on the comb 

 or unfeathered portions of the head and paint the exposed surfaces 

 with turpentine or tincture of iodine. 



DISEASES OP THE INTESTINES. 



This disease group equals in importance that previously con- 

 sidered. In fact, when chicks, as well as older birds, are taken into 

 account, intestinal affections cause a much greater mortality. The 

 various affections belonging to this group are so generally character- 

 ized by diarrhea as the prominent symptom that the name "diar- 

 rhea," with various prefixes (white, pasty, bacillary, protozoal, coc- 

 cidial, flagellate, verminous), is apt to be the more common desig- 

 nation. Whatever the character of the disease, whether it presents 

 the symptom of diarrhea or of constipation, whether it appears to be 

 a mere disturbance of the digestive apparatus from improper feed- 

 ing or a manifestly infectious malady, it must be understood that 

 after a few days the disturbance takes on the character of a local in- 



