24 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



pose of the injection to soften hardened fecal masses, the water 

 should be comfortably warm and it may have a little clean soap in 

 it. If it is the purpose of the injection to stimulate sluggish bowels 

 to contraction, the water may be cold. In giving rectal injections a 

 rectal syringe may be used, or, better, a piece of one-half to three- 

 quarter inch rubber hose 5 feet long with a tin funnel attached to 

 one end. The hose is soaped or oiled and introduced slowly and 

 gently into the rectum 2 or 3 feet. The fluid is then slowly poured 

 into the funnel and allowed to gravitate into the rectum. The same 

 apparatus may be used for feeding by the rectum. 



By the Vagina. Medicines are inserted into the vagina, and 

 through the vagina into the womb, in a manner similar to that of 

 rectal administration. Most of the medication made use of in this 

 way is for the local treatment of these organs. Following calving, 

 during outbreaks of abortion, and in an infectious disease of the 

 vagina, such injections become necessary. 



By the Udder. Injections into the udder are now regularly 

 made in the treatment of parturient paresis (milk fever). In mak- 

 ing this injection there are so many precautions necessary in rela- 

 tion to the sterilization of the apparatus and the teats and skin that 

 this work should be left in the hands of a skilled veterinarian. The 

 result of the introduction of even a minute quantity of infectious 

 dirt may be the loss of the udder. For making this injection one 

 may use one of the prepared sets of apparatus or a milking tube and 

 funnel connected by a piece of small rubber hose. The apparatus 

 should be boiled and wrapped in a clean towel until needed. The 

 udder and teats and the hands of the operator must be well disin- 

 fected. The udder should be emptied of milk before the injection 

 is made. After all these precautions have been observed the milking 

 tube may be inserted and through it one-half pint of solution intro- 

 duced by gravity, air pressure or by syringe. There is practically no 

 danger in this mode of treatment if it is properly carried out. In- 

 jections into the udder are sometimes made in the treatment of gar- 

 get, but so far with indifferent success. 



By the Nostrils. An animal may be caused to inhale medicine 

 in the form of gas or vapor or to snuff up a fine powder. Sometimes, 

 for the purpose of local treatment, fluids are injected into the nose. 

 Medicine inhaled may have a local effect alone or a general effect. 

 Medicated steam, carrying the volatile products of creolin, carbolic 

 acid, balsam of Peru, compound tincture of benzoin, tincture of 

 iodine, etc., may be liberated beneath the nostrils of a cow so that 

 she must inhale these soothing vapors ; but such treatment is not so 

 common for cattle as for horses. In producing general anesthesia, 

 or insensibility to pain, the vapor of chloroform or ether is adminis- 

 tered by the nostrils. As a preliminary to this it is necessary to cast 

 and confine the animal. Great care is necessary to avoid complete 

 stoppage of the heart or breathing. 



By the Trachea. Medicines are injected into the trachea, or 

 windpipe, in the treatment of some forms of diseases of the lungs, 



