DISEASES OF CATTLE 45 



When it is necessary to move a dead animal, either for burning 

 or burying, it is safer, provided the animal died of any contagious 

 disease, not to draw it out on the ground with the chances in favor 

 of scattering disease germs, but to draw the animal on a cheaply 

 made sled, or rock boat. If the animal is to be burned, the boat and 

 all. litter and bedding from the stall or yard where the animal has 

 been kept should be burned also. 



If the animals are burned in a specially made crematory, with 

 one man doing the work by contract, then the sled or truck used in 

 moving 'animals may be disinfected. 



DISPOSAL OF DAIRY AND FARM SEWAGE. 



The health of the public depends upon cleanliness. Since the 

 dairy products of the United States stand first as a food, it is essential 

 that they should be produced under the strictest sanitary conditions. 

 With this in view it is our purpose to give a few suggestions as to the 

 proper manner of disposing of farm sewage from the cow barn, milk 

 house, dairy, and from the dwelling, or any other place that is close- 

 ly situated to the dairy plant. 



This matter is of greatest importance on dairy farms, for if 

 conditions are kept filthy they very soon breed diseases which affect 

 not only people who live on the farm, but consumers as well ; for we 

 now know that many diseases are transmitted through milk and other 

 dairy products. 



Where many cows are kept in small places, and where the 

 population is large, sanitary improvements are most important to 

 health and prosperity. Where fewer animals are kept and where 

 the country is sparsely settled, sanitary precautions are not so neces- 

 sary, for nature usually takes care of these conditions. In cities the 

 sanitary conditions of homes and surroundings are chiefly main- 

 tained by a system of co-operation and centralization which brings 

 into existence extensive sewage systems, water-supplies, and the col- 

 lection of house waste by public authority. Rules are prescribed 

 and enforced under which the individual household must avoid all 

 such conditions which are likely to prove dangerous to the health of 

 the immediate neighborhood, and to the entire community. 



The principle underlying the disposal of the sewage on the 

 farm should be essentially similar to that of the cities. The proper 

 method of disposing the sewage on the farm eliminates a great 

 many dangers which constantly face the farmer. One of the most 

 serious dangers is contamination of the water-supply. If the water- 

 supply on the dairy farm is contaminated it will be impossible to 

 produce sanitary milk, since utensils washed in impure water will 

 directly affect the milk. The cesspool, so common on dairy farmsj 

 quite frequently secures a direct connection with the well, especially 

 if located near it, and thus contaminates the water. Polluted water 

 comes from improper sewage disposal, and is generally infected 

 from household excrements, barn-yard drainage, etc. Its use leads 

 to bowel disturbances, typhoid fever, and dysentery, affecting man 

 and beast alike. The health of large communities of people who 



