64 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



14. In any case the closed shed most assuredly saves labor, for 

 the cows do not require so much grooming and there is less work in 

 handling manure. The cows are certainly more comfortable in the 

 shed and what favors the health and comfort of the cows favors the 

 production of milk. I believe that I had two cases of abortion caused 

 by keeping the cows too much in the stanchions. 



15. The advantages are saving of labor in cleaning stables, bed- 

 ding cows and feeding roughage; cleanliness; allowing cows more 

 exercise; and preserving the manure in much better condition. 



16. This method saves a great deal of labor in feeding and in 

 stable cleaning and the cows are more at their ease. The same cows 

 in a pen soon become used to each other and never make trouble after 

 being handled in this way for a little time, each one almost invari- 

 ably stands in the same place while eating. When cows are kept in 

 this way the value of the manure is nearly double as the liquid is 

 saved and no leaching takes place. 



17. Our cattle are cleaner than any herd of stalled cattle I ever 

 saw. A soiled cow is a rare sight in our herd. By this method we 

 have increased milk yield and greater healthfulness ; have not had a 

 case of milk fever since our dairy started. We consider the system 

 a success. 



18. The advantages are, cleanliness, health of the herd, and 

 saving of labor. 



The improvement in the capacity for production in cattle has 

 been accomplished through selective breeding, with the production 

 object principally in view, and chest development secondarily con- 

 sidered. 



The aim must be directed towards the correction of the system 

 of stabling so that the added features of exercise, fresh air and chang- 

 ing temperatures, will tend to overcome this evil. 



It was with a full realization of the benefits obtained in the 

 treatment of human tuberculous patients, that the Maryland Experi- 

 ment Station planned several years ago the type of stable in use at 

 that place. 



The actual plan of stable is of course not material, as long as 

 the principles and practices are similarly carried out ; however, refer- 

 ence is made to this structure because it has been in operation long 

 enough to demonstrate its practicability. 



OPEN STABLE. 



The stable is of solid concrete construction, with slate roof. The 

 stabling portion is 36x58 feet, and the milking room annex 10x30 

 feet outside measurements. 



The walls of the milking room are 12 inches thick of solid con- 

 crete, and 9 feet high. Into this room two doors enter from the sta- 

 ble, and one from the outside. It contains four windows 3x3 % feet 

 hinged at the bottom which open inward at the top to 9 inches, and 

 are protected along the sides by galvanized iron cheeks to prevent di- 

 rect air currents upon the cows and milkers. There are also two 

 6x18 inch flues in the walls for purposes of ventilation. The floors 

 are of concrete, and slope towards the traps for proper drainage. 



