68 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



Should Dairy Cows Be Confined in Stalls? Univ. of 111. Agr. 

 Exp. Station Circular 93. 



Tuberculosis of Animals: Maryland Agr. Exp. Station Bulle- 

 tin 145. 



The Burning of Dead Animals: Nevada Agr. Exp. Sta. Bulle- 

 tin 53. 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 



THE MOUTH. 



Wounds and Contusions of the Lips, and Snake Bite. The lips 

 may become inflamed from contusions, which are sometimes pro- 

 duced by a blow from the horns of another animal, or, in the case of 

 working oxen, by a blow from the driver. While cattle are grazing 

 they may be bitten in the lips by either insects or serpents, more 

 especially when they are pastured in woods. 



Symptoms. As a result of a contusion the lips become thick 

 and swollen, and if treatment is neglected the swelling may become 

 hard and indurated, or an abscess may form. This condition renders 

 it difficult for the animal to get food into its mouth, on account of 

 the lips having lost their natural flexibility. In such cases an ox 

 will use his tongue more in the prehension of food to make up for 

 the incapacity of the lips. In cases of snake bite the swelling is soft 

 or puffy and its limits are not well defined. 



Treatment. When we have to deal with a bruise, the affected 

 part should be bathed with hot water two or three times daily. In 

 recent cases no other treatment will be required, but if the swelling 

 is not recent and has become hard or indurated, then the swollen 

 part should be treated each day by painting it with tincture of iodin. 

 In snake bite a straight incision penetrating into the flesh or muscle 

 should be made across the center of the swelling and in the direction 

 of the long axis of the face. After this has been done a small wad of 

 cotton batting should be pressed against the wounds until the bleed- 

 ing has almost stopped. Afterwards the following lotion may be 

 applied to the wounds several times a day : Permanganate of potash, 

 half a dram ; distilled water, 1 pint. As snake bites are usually at- 

 tended with considerable depression, which may terminate in stupor, 

 it is advisable to give doses of whisky at intervals. Half a pint of 

 whisky mixed with a pint of water should be given, and the dose 

 should be repeated in half an hour if the animal is sinking into a 

 stupefied and unconscious condition. The repetition of the dose 

 must depend on the symptoms which the animal shows. It must be 

 borne in mind that the object of treatment is to ward oif the stupor, 

 which is one of the results of snake bite, and that in administering 

 whisky the object is to produce a stimulating and not an intoxicating 

 or stupefying effect. The swelling from an insect bite should _be 

 bathed as soon as noticed with ammonia water and then treated with 

 frequent applications of hot water. 



Salivation. Salivation is a symptom of some general or local 

 disorder. It may be a symptom of a general disease, such as rabies 

 or the foot-and-mouth disease, or it may be a purely local trouble, as 



