78 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



treated with a 2 per cent solution of carbolic acid or of creolin, while 

 the fissures and other lesions of the skin will be benefited by the appli- 

 cation of carbolized vaseline or zinc ointment. If the animals are 

 treated in this manner and carefully fed the disease will rapidly 

 disappear. 



Big Jaw, or Lumpy Jaw (Actinomycosis of the Jawbones). 

 [See pages 287-295.] 



inflammation of Mucous Membrane of Mouth (Stomatitis}. 

 The membrane of the mouth may become inflamed by cattle eating 

 some irritating substance or plant, or little vesicles may form in the 

 mouths of calves when they are affected with indigestion, constitut- 

 ing what is termed aphtha. 



Symptoms. The saliva dribbles from the mouth, and when 

 the mouth is examined the surface of the tongue and other parts 

 will appear red and inflamed. When young animals are affected 

 with the form of disease termed aphtha, small red elevations will be 

 observed on the tongue and other parts of the mouth, having little 

 white points on their centers, which consist of the epithelium of the 

 mucous membrane raised into vesicles. These white patches are 

 succeeded by ulcerated surfaces, which are caused by the shedding of 

 the white patches of epithelium. 



Treatment. When there is merely a reddened and inflamed 

 condition of the mucous membrane of the mouth, it will suffice to 

 syringe it out several times a day with 4 ounces of the following solu- 

 tion : Alum, 1 ounce; water, 2 pints. When the edges of the tongue 

 and other parts of the mouth are studded with ulcers, these should 

 be painted over once a day until the affected surface is healed, with 

 the following solution : Permanganate of potash, 20 grains ; water, 

 1 ounce. When indigestion is associated with an ulcerated condi- 

 tion of the mouth, separate treatment is required. 



DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX AND GULLET. 



Sore Throat (Pharyngitis). This is an inflammation of the 

 mucous membrane lining the pharynx. It is frequently associated 

 with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, such as laryn- 

 gitis and bronchitis or pleurisy. 



Symptoms. The muzzle is dry and the saliva dribbles from 

 the corners of the mouth; the animal either does not swallow or 

 swallows with difficulty, and holds its neck in a stiff, straight posi- 

 tion, moving it as little as possible. The eyelids are half closed, the 

 white of the eye is bloodshot, and the animal occasionally grinds 

 its teeth. After masticating the food the animal drops it out of its 

 mouth as if to avoid the pain of swallowing, and also evinces pain 

 when pressure is applied on the pharynx externally and tries to 

 prevent such pressure being applied. 



Causes. Pharyngitis may be produced by a sudden cooling of 

 the surface of the body, as wnen cattle are exposed to a cold wind 

 or a cold rale* or by swallowing irritant substances. 



