126 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



Inflammation of Veins (Phlebitis}. When bleeding is per- 

 formed without proper care or with unclean fleam or lancet, inflam- 

 mation of the vein may result, or it may be caused by the animal rub- 

 bing the wound against some object. When inflammation follows the 

 operation, the coats of the vein become enlarged ; so much so that the 

 vessel may be felt hard and knotted beneath the skin, and when 

 pressed on pain is evinced. A thin, watery discharge, tinged with 

 mood, issues from the wound. When the pin is taken out it is found 

 that the wound has not healed. The blood becomes coagulated in the 

 vessel. In inflammation of the jugular the coagulation extends from 

 the wound upward to the first large branch. Abscesses may form 

 along the course of the vein. The inflammation is followed by oblit- 

 eration of that part in which coagulation exists. This is of small 

 import, as cattle have an accessory jugular vein which gradually en- 

 larges and accommodates itself to the increased quantity of blood it 

 must carry. 



Treatment. The treatment for inflammation of the vein is to 

 clip the hair from along the course of the affected vessel and apply a 

 blister, the cerate or cantharides. Abscesses should be opened as 

 soon as they form, because there is a possibility of the pus getting 

 into the circulation. 



In the operation of bleeding the instruments should be clean 

 and free from rust. If the skin is not sufficiently opened, or when 

 closing the wound the skin is drawn out too much, blood may accu- 

 mulate in the tissue, and if it does it should be removed by pressing 

 absorbent cotton or a sponge on the part. Care should also be used 

 in opening the vein, so that the instrument does not pass entirely 

 through both sides of the vein and open the artery beneath it. (See 

 Bleeding, or Blood-letting.) 



DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



The nervous system is the distinguishing feature of animal life ; 

 without it there can be no intelligence, no instinct, no sensibility, no 

 perception ; in fact, existence would be nothing but vegetable life. 



The senses touch, taste, sight, hearing, smell all depend on 

 the nervous system. Motion depends on it. A muscle can not con- 

 tract without receiving the stimulus from the nervous system. For 

 example, if a nerve passing from a nerve center to a muscle is sev- 

 ered, the particular muscle that is supplied by the cut nerve is 

 paralyzed. 



The nervous system is often studied in two divisions the cere- 

 bro-spinal division and the sympathetic division. 



The cerebro-spinal division consists of the brain and spinal 

 cord, nerves, and ganglia. The nerves of this division convey the 

 impulses of motion and sensation, and supply all parts which are 

 under the control of the will. For example, the voluntary muscular 

 tissue includes all the muscles which act as the will directs. Another 

 example, if anything comes in contact with any part of the skin, 

 the impression is immediately perceived. All the special senses be- 

 long to this division. 



