DISEASES OF CATTLE 135 



pulverized mix vomica should be given twice a day with the quinine. 

 The foregoing treatment is also applicable when the electrical 

 shock is given by telephone, electric car, or electric-light wires, etc. 

 The wounds, burns, or blisters should be treated according to the anti- 

 septic method of treating wounds. 



TUMORS IN THE BRAIN, ETC. 



Tumors of different kinds have been found within the cranial 

 cavity, and in many cases there have been no well-marked symptoms 

 exhibited during the life of the animal to lead one to suspect their 

 existence. Cases are recorded where bony tumors have been found 

 in the brain of cattle that died suddenly, but during life no signs of 

 disease were manifested. Post-mortem examinations have discovered 

 tubercles in the membranes of the brain. Abscesses, usually the re- 

 sult of inflammation of the brain, have been found in post-mortem. 

 For the description of hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain, of 

 calves, the reader is referred to the section on parturition. (See 

 (Water in the Head.) 



Chorea, constant twitching and irregular spasmodic movements 

 of the muscles, has been noticed in connection with, or as a sequel to, 

 other affections, as, for example, parturient apoplexy. 



Various diseases, the description of which will be found in other 

 sections of this work, affect the nervous system to a greater or less 

 extent for example, ergotism, lead poisoning, uremia, parturient 

 apoplexy, colic, and other affections associated with cramps, or 

 spasms, etc. Disease of the ovaries or of the spinal cord, by reflex 

 irritation, may cause estromania (see "Excess of Venereal Desire," 

 page 153), constant desire for the bull. 



THE URINARY ORGANS AND THEIR DISEASES. 

 These are not so prominent in cattle as in horses, yet when pres- 

 ent they are of a similar kind. There is a stiff or straddling gait 

 with the hind limbs and some difficulty in turning or in lying down 

 and rising, the act drawing forth a groan. The frequent passage of 

 urine in driblets, the continuous escape of the urine in drops, the sud- 

 den arrest of the flow when in full stream, the rhythmic contraction 

 of the muscles under the anus without any flow resulting, the swell- 

 ing of the sheath, the collection of hard, gritty masses on the hair 

 surrounding the orifice of the sheath, the occurrence of dropsies in 

 the limbs, under the chest or belly, or in either of these cavities, and 

 finally the appearance of nervous stupor, may indicate serious dis- 

 order of the urinary organs. The condition of the urine passed may 

 likewise lead to suspicion. It may be white, from crystallized car- 

 bonate of lime ; brown, red, or even black, from the presence of blood 

 or blood-coloring matter; yellow from biliary coloring matter; it may 

 be frothy, from contained albumen ; cloudy, from phosphates ; glairy, 

 from pus ; or it may show gritty masses, from gravel. In many cases 

 of urinary disorder in the ox, however, the symptoms are by no 

 means prominent, and unless special examination is made of the 

 loins, the bladder, and the urine the true nature of the malady may 

 be overlooked. 



