138 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



bitters (gentian, one-half ounce) and iron (sulphate of iron, 2 

 drams) should be given for a week. 



For cases in which excess of diuretic plants has been taken, it 

 may be well to replace the salts by 1 to 2 pints olive oil, adding 1 

 ounce laudanum and 2 drams gum camphor. Also to apply fomen- 

 tations or a fresh sheepskin over the loins. Buttermilk or vinegar, 

 one-half pint, or sulphuric acid, 60 drops in a pint of water, may also 

 be employed at intervals as injections. In cases due to sprained or 

 fractured loins, to inflamed kidneys, or to stone or gravel, the treat- 

 ment will be as for the particular disease in question. 



In hematuria from anemia (watery blood), whether from insuf- 

 ficient or badly adjusted rations or from the poisonous products of 

 fermentations in impervious or marshy soils, the treatment must be 

 essentially tonic and stimulating. Rich, abundant, and easily diges- 

 tible food must be furnished. The different grains (oats, barley, 

 wheat, bran, rye) and seeds (rape, linseed, cotton seed) are especially 

 called for, and may be given either ground or boiled. As a bitter, 

 sulphate of quinia, one-half dram, and tincture of muriate of iron, 2 

 drams, may be given in a pint of water thrice a day. In some cases 

 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of oil of turpentine twice daily in milk will act 

 favorably. 



Prevention. But in this anemic variety prevention is the great 

 need. The drainage and cultivation of the dangerous soils is the 

 main object. Until this can be accomplished young and newly pur- 

 chased cattle, not yet inured to the poisons, must be kept from the 

 dangerous fields and turned only on those which are already drained 

 naturally or artificially. Further, they should have an abundant 

 ration in which the local product of grass, hay, etc., is supplemented 

 by grain or other seeds. Another point to be guarded against is 

 the supply of water that has drained from marshes or impervious 

 soils, rich in organic matter, as such is charged with nitrates, pto- 

 maines, etc., which directly conduce to the disorder. Fence out 

 from all such waters, and supply from living springs or deep wells 

 only. 



ALBUMEN IN THE URINE (ALBUMINURLA.) . 



In bloody urine albumen is always present as an important con- 

 stituent of the blood, and in congested and inflamed kidneys it is 

 present as a part of the inflammatory exudate. Apart from these, 

 albumen in the urine represents in different cases a variety of dis- 

 eased conditions of the kidneys or of distant organs. Among the 

 additional causes of albuminuria, may be named: (1) An excess 

 of albumen in the blood (after easy calving with little loss of blood 

 and before the secretion of milk has been established, or in cases 

 of sudden suppression of the secretion of milk; (2) under increase 

 of blood pressure (after deep drinking, after doses of digitalis or 

 broom, after transfusion of blood from one animal to another, or 

 in disease of the heart or lungs causing obstruction to the flow of 

 blood from the veins) ; (3) after cutting (or disease) of the motor 

 nerves of the vessels going to the kidneys, causing congestion of 

 these organs; (4) violent exertion, hence long drives by road; the 



