DISEASES OF CATTLE 197 



their subsequent passage into the windpipe. Ammonium carbonate in 

 2-dram doses dissolved in 2 ounces of water will be found to act 

 equally as well as the creolin in this respect. Epsom salts is rather 

 slow in its action, and an injection under the skin with a hypoder- 

 mic syringe of 1^ to 2 grains of eserine sulphate, when obtainable, 

 will be found quicker and more efficacious. The rectum should be 

 emptied and injections of 1 to 2 gallons of warm water given to 

 stimulate intestinal movements. However, the normal movement of 

 the bowels, once lost, is exceedingly hard to reestablish, and some- 

 times all efforts in that direction fail. The urine should be drawn 

 with a catheter or by pressure on the bladder with the hand in the 

 rectum, as the bladder is paralyzed and unable to empty itself. 



The feeble pulse and subnormal temperature call for the ad- 

 ministration of stimulants. Injections under the skin of 1 dram of 

 the following solution every three hours are probably the most effica- 

 cious: 80 grains of caffein, 60 grains of sodium salicylate, and 4 

 drams of water. Similar injections of 1 grain of strychnia sulphate 

 three times daily will also be found very beneficial, although numer- 

 ous other drugs may be recommended, as spirits of camphor, vera- 

 trin, tincture of digitalis, alcohol, etc. In case the animal is very 

 excitable the head should be restrained in such a manner as to pre- 

 vent injury, and, in case the violence becomes excessive, 1% ounces 

 of chloral dissolved in a quart of water may be injected into the rec- 

 tum, or 5 grains of morphine sulphate under the skin. 



The Air Treatment. Of all known methods of treating milk 

 fever, the injection of sterile atmospheric air into the udder is by far 

 the most simple and practicable as well as the most efficacious and 

 harmless one at our disposal, and only occasionally requires that 

 medicinal treatment be given. 



The method of injecting filtered air into the udder is easy of 

 manipulation, requires but little time, and is readily accomplished 

 by means of a milk-fever apparatus. It consists of a metal cylinder 

 with milled screw-caps on either end. Cap may be removed in order 

 to place sterile absorbent cotton within the chamber. To this cap 

 the rubber bellows are connected by 9 inches or rubber tubing. Cap 

 is to be removed together with the attached 18 inches of rubber hose, 

 at the free end of which is the self-retaining milking tube, for the 

 purpose of disinfection before treating each case. The pulling on 

 or off of the tubing on the nozzles of the milled caps is thus rendered 

 unnecessary. Within the metal cylinder is a wire net, which prevents 

 the obstruction of the outlet of the chamber by holding back the 

 sterile cotton, and also permits of the unscrewing of the lower cap and 

 the disinfection of this portion of the apparatus, including the milk- 

 ing tube, without contaminating the packing. Absorbent cotton im- 

 pregnated with carbolic acid (carbolized cotton) or other suitable 

 disinfectant can be purchased from the drug trade in most localities, 

 and is better, though slightly more expensive, than the plain cotton. 



Previous to making the air injection, the hands of the operator 

 should be thoroughly cleansed and the udder should receive the same 

 careful antiseptic treatment as has been recommended in discussing 



