DISEASES OP CATTLE 203 



part, water, 20 parts, and glycerin, 1 part, will suffice to keep the 

 wound clean and healthy. 



Gangrene of the affected part is often fatal. It demands anti- 

 septics (chlorid of zinc, 1 dram to 1 quart water) applied frequently 

 to the part, or, if the case can not be attended, smear the affected 

 quarter with melted Venice turpentine, or even wood tar. Anti- 

 septic tonics (tincture of muriate of iron, 4 drams) may also be given 

 four times daily in a quart of water. 



CONTAGIOUS MAMMITIS (CONTAGIOUS INFLAMMATION OP THE 



UDDER) . 



As stated in the last article, that form of inflammation of the 

 udder which attacks the gland ducts and follicles, causing deep- 

 seated, hard, nodular swellings, is often contagious. . 



The most common cause of contagious mammitis in cattle is a 

 spherical bacterium in chain form (Streptococcus). (Moore, Ward.) 

 Contagious mammatis is not a single affection, but a group of dis- 

 eases which have this in common, that they attack the udder. 



Prevention. Prevention is to be especially sought in all such 

 cases. In purchasing new cows see that they come from a herd 

 where the teats and udder are sound. If a new cow with unknown 

 antecedents comes from a public miarket, let her be milked for a 

 week by a person who does not milk any other cows. Keep her in a 

 separate stall from others, so that there may be no infection from 

 litter or flooring. Wash the udder with soap and water, and wet 

 with a solution of two teaspoonfuls carbolic acid in a pint of water 

 before letting the regular milker of the other cows take her. If any 

 cow in the herd shows the indurated end of the teat or the inflamma- 

 tion and nodula tender character of the gland, separate her at once 

 and give her a separate milker. If another cow is to be put into the 

 stall she occupied, first clean and scrape it, and wet it with a strong 

 solution of bluestone, 5 ounces in a gallon of water. The milk may 

 be drawn off with a teat tube, or spring teat dilator, and the milk 

 ducts injected frequently with a solution of peroxide of hydrogen or 

 iodoform. I have had little success in checking the upward progress 

 of the disease through the teat with carbolic acid or boracic acid so- 

 lutions. Used on the outside of the other teats, however, these may 

 serve to prevent them from becoming infected. In the absence of 

 peroxide of hydrogen the affected teat may be injected with a solution 

 of 1 grain corrosive sublimate in a pint of water, and the same may 

 be used on the other teats, provided it is washed off every time be- 

 fore milking. 



As additional precautions, no cow with a retained afterbirth or 

 unhealthy discharge from the womb should be left with the other 

 cows. Such cows doubtless infect their own udders and those of the 

 cows next them by lashing with their soiled tail. If milkers handle 

 retained afterbirth or vaginal discharge, or unhealthy wounds, or 

 assist in a difficult and protracted parturition, they should wash the 

 hands and arms thoroughly with soap and warm water and then rub 

 them with the corrosive sublimate solution, or if not, at least with 



