DISEASES OF CATTLE 271 



ease is generally confined to one quarter), becomes enlarged and 

 hard. There is, however, no fever nor pain and the swelling does 

 not disappear, as in the case of garget (inflammation of the udder), 

 but continues to grow more pronounced. The milk is usually nor- 

 mal in appearance and composition but in severe cases may become 

 watery. 



How Should a Carcass Be Examined for Tuberculosis f The 

 general appearance of the different parts of the body to be exam- 

 ined should be carefully noted; they should be carefully felt for 

 tubercles, and if any suspicious places are discovered the organ 

 should be cut. Unless one has had some experience in such exam- 

 inations it is advisable to cut the various glands and organs, even 

 though no suspicious places are found. 



The head should be severed as usual and the glands of the 

 throat (pharyngeal) , removed and examined for enlargements. 

 Cut each gland into several slices and note the presence of any 

 yellowish or greyish-yellow areas. A healthy gland is light gray 

 or pinkish in color throughout, or in old animals, is often dark, 

 or almost black, from pigment. Remove the udder, examine care- 

 fully for bunches (tubercles) ; also examine the lymph glands 

 just above the hind quarters of the udder. 



Open the abdominal cavity. Examine the liver, spleen and 

 kidneys, first noting their general appearance. If any yellowish 

 areas are found, cut through at this point. Note whether the mem- 

 branes covering the stomach, etc., (the omentum or caul) are 

 smooth and thin, or studded with nodules or tubercles. 



The intestines proper should be examined, altogether the dis- 

 ease is rarely found on the gut wall itself. The disease is much 

 more likely to be found in the mesenteric lymph glands which run 

 parallel to the intestines several inches from the same, in the mem- 

 brane that holds the intestines in place. Examine the uterus and 

 the walls of the abdominal cavity which should be perfectly smooth. 



Open the lung cavity, remove the lungs, together with the gul- 

 let, wind pipe and heart entire. Healthy lung tissue is uniformly 

 soft and pink in color. Remove the glands on the wind-pipe and 

 gullet and especially those at the forks of the wind-pipe, and note 

 whether they are enlarged or not. Cut open in order to discover 

 small tubercles. 



If the animal is tubercular, evidences will usually be found 

 in the parts of the body mentioned, but its non-detection in these 

 parts is not absolutely positive evidence of the absence of the dis- 

 ease in the animal, for in the earlier stages nodules of small size 

 may be readily overlooked. 



What Diseases May Be Mistaken for Tuberculosis? In the 

 case of lumpy jaw (actinomycosis) nodules may be formed in the 

 lungs and udder that closely resemble those of tuberculosis. In 

 sheep the wall of the intestines may show a nodular condition, 

 known as nodular disease or knotty gut, caused by a minute, animal 

 parasite that burrows its way into the wall of the intestine. 



