DISEASES OF CATTLE 283 



How Can a Bam Be Disinfected? The stable should receive a 

 thorough cleaning. Remove all litter and loose wood work, such 

 as box mangers; scrape walls and floors to remove all accumula- 

 tions of dried manure and dust. This can best be done after 

 moistening with a 1 to 1000 solution of corrosive sublimate (one-half 

 ounce to 4 gallons of water). Keep the solution in wooden vessels 

 and remember that it is a strong poison for animals. This solution 

 serves to prevent dust during the cleaning. The removal of litter 

 and dust removes most of the tubercle bacilli from the stable and 

 allows the disinfectant to come in contact with the remainder. Tu- 

 bercle bacilli in dried manure cannot be killed easily by any disin- 

 fectant. Do not place the material removed in the barn yard where 

 cows have access to it, but burn or otherwise dispose of it. 



Provide abundant light, 4 sq. ft. of glass per animal, and some 

 means of ventilation for the stable. Cows in light, well-ventilated 

 stables are healthier and less likely to acquire tuberculosis than those 

 kept under less sanitary conditions. 



Whitewash the stable. Prepare whitewash as follows : To each 

 100 parts of fresh lime add 60 .parts of water; the result should be a 

 dry powder. Sift the slaked lime and add water at the rate of 4 

 quarts of water to one of lime if the wash is to be applied with a 

 brush. It is preferable to apply it with a spray pump, since by this 

 method it can be forced into every crack. For tnis purpose the solu- 

 tion must be thinner than where applied with a brush. Whitewash 

 the barn at intervals of six months, or at least once a year. 



Can a Healthy Herd Be Raised From a Tuberculous Herd? 

 Since the calves from tuberculous cows are quite certain to be free 

 from the disease when dropped, a healthy herd can be raised from a 

 diseased foundation by removing the calves from their dams as soon 

 as born (it is usually wise to allow them to suck once or twice), and 

 feeding them on the milk of healthy cows or on the pasteurized milk 

 of the reacting cows. The calves are not to be kept in the same stable, 

 yards, or pastures ; in short, no communication of the healthy calves 

 must be allowed with the diseased cows. 



COWPOX (VARIOLA). 



Variola of cattle, commonly known as cowpox, is a contagious 

 disease of cattle which manifests its presence through an elevation of 

 temperature, a shrinkage in milk production, and by the appearance 

 of characteristic pustular eruptions, especially upon the teats and 

 udders of dairy cows. Although this is a contagious disease strictly 

 speaking, it is so universally harmless and benign in its course that 

 it is robbed of the terrors which usually accompany all spreading 

 diseases, and is allowed to enter a herd of cattle, run its course, and 

 disappear without exciting any particular notice. The disease is 

 quite common in this country, especially in the eastern States. 



The contagion of cowpox does not travel through the air from 

 animal to animal, but is only transmitted by actual contact of the con- 

 tagious principle with the skin of some susceptible animal. It may 

 be carried in this manner, not alone from cattle to cattle, but horses, 



