348 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



resembles cutaneous glanders or farcy of horses, but is caused by 

 an entirely different organism, the streptothrix of Nocard. More- 

 over, cattle are immune from glanders and for this reason the 

 name unfortunately applied to this disease, should not lead to any 

 confusion with the cutaneous glanders or farcy of horses. Al- 

 though the disease has only been described as occurring in Guade- 

 loupe and France, the possibility of its occurence in our new pos- 

 sessions warrants its mention in this chapter. 



Treatment. Treatment consists in making incisions into the 

 swellings and syringing them out with 5 per cent creolin or carbolic 

 acid. The cavities may then be packed with cotton soaked in 5 

 per cent zinc chlorid solution. The swollen lymphatics may also 

 be bathed or covered with cloths wrung out in this solution. (Va. 

 Exp. Sta. Bui. 108, 1900.) 



PARASITIC DISEASES. 



ANIMAL PARASITES. 



Many of the insects in the external media surrounding animals 

 have been known and studied for centuries, while others have but 

 recently been studied, or are practically unknown. And science 

 is daily adding to this list forms of organisms which have formerly 

 escaped attention. As scientific knowledge advances along this 

 line many diseases of both man and the lower animals, heretofore 

 imperfectly understood, are found to be the direct result of some 

 form of insect life. In the world of living matter representing or- 

 ganic life the conditions are so framed that the aliment is organic 

 matter. The majority feed on lifeless matter, but there are many 

 which prefer living upon living matter, and so obtain a living dur- 

 ing the whole or a part of their life. When the relations between 

 size and strength are such that the consumer is inferior to its vic- 

 tim, the former becomes a parasite of the latter. 



A parasite, then, is an organism which, during a portion or 

 the whole of its life, lives within or on the surface of an animal 

 for the purpose of existence, and from which it receives its nutri- 

 tion, either directly or indirectly. 



Parasites are vegetable and animal. The vegetable parasites 

 are termed Phytoparasites and are all fungi, and include moulds 

 and bacteria. The animal parasites are termed Zooparasites, and 

 include the lice, worms, ticks, etc. 



In the animal parasites but three sections of the animal King- 

 dom are represented, viz: Protozoa, Worms, and Arthropodes. 

 The protozoa are small, usually microscopical, organisms formed 

 of a single cell and possess neither differential organs nor tissue. 

 Their reproduction is by direct division, budding, or the forma- 

 tion of spores, in which the male and female organs are not re- 

 quired. They are, in most cases, provided with amoeboid move- 

 ment, and, hence, are seen to assume various forms even in a very 

 short space of time. The micro-organisms of malaria and Texas cat- 

 tle fever belong to this class. 



