DISEASES OF CATTLE 361 



vat is generally provided. The dip should be used warm, 100 to 

 110 F., and the cattle should be held in the vat for two minutes to 

 insure thorough action of the dip. The head of each animal should 

 be ducked at least once. Care should be taken that the vat con- 

 tains a sufficient depth of fluid to swim the animals to be dipped. 

 The dipping fluid may be heated from a steam boiler by pipes or 

 hose, or water heated in large iron cauldrons or tanks may be used 

 for charging the vat, and hot water with a proper quantity of dip 

 added from time to time as the dipping fluid becomes cool. 



If Beaumont oil emulsion be used one treatment will be suf- 

 ficient. With other dips two treatments are required, the second 

 treatment being given ten days after the first. The second treat- 

 ment is necessary to kill the few parasites which sometimes escape 

 at the first treatment, either in the egg stage or as fecundated fe- 

 males. 



The following dips are approved by the Department of Agri- 

 culture for dipping mangy cattle whioh are to enter interstate com- 

 merce : 



Lime-and-Sulphur Dip. The lime-and-sulphur dip is made in 

 the proportion of 12 pounds of unslaked lime, 24 pounds of the 

 flowers of sulphur, and 100 gallons of water. 



Directions for Preparing 100 Gallons of Dip. Weigh out the 

 lime, 12 pounds and sulphur, 24 pounds. Place the unslaked lime 

 in a shallow, water-tight box similar to a mortar box, or some suit- 

 able vessel, and add enough water to slake the lime and form a lime 

 paste or lime putty. Sift into this lime paste the flowers of sulphur 

 and stir well ; then place the lime-and-sulphur paste in a kettle, boiler, 

 or tank containing 30 gallons of water, the water being first heated 

 nearly to the boiling point. Boil the mixture for two hours at 

 least, stirring frequently; add water occasionally to maintain the 

 original quantity. Allow the mixture to settle in the tank or draw 

 the entire contents of the kettle or boiling tank into a large tub or 

 barrel placed near the dipping vat and provided with a bunghole 

 about 4 inches from the bottom, and then allow ample time to settle 

 from two to three hours or more if necessary. When fully settled, 

 draw off the clear liquid into the dipping vat, taking care not to al- 

 low any of the sediment to accompany it, as the sediment will injure 

 the wool. The clear liquid thus obtained only requires the addition 

 of sufficient clear warm water to bring the total up to 100 gallons. 

 Flowers of sulphur must be used, and the lime must be of good 

 quality. 



Tobacco-and-Sulphur Dip. The tobacco-and-sulphur dip is 

 made with sufficient extract of tobacco, or nicotine solution, to give 

 a mixture containing not less than five one-hundredths of 1 per 

 cent of nicotine and 2 per cent flowers of sulphur. Sufficient nicotine 

 would therefore be furnished for 96 gallons (about 800 pounds) of 

 dip by 1 pound of a 40 per cent solution of nicotine. The formula 

 for this dip would be: Nicotine, four-tenths of a pound; flowers 

 of sulphur, 16 pounds ; water 96 gallons. 



