382 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



range cattle are to be treated; (3) and a small or medium-sized 

 plant with swimming tank. A suitable plant for a community of 

 farmers has been built for $150, while a large swimming tank will 

 cost about $350. 



Such plants as those in operation 18 miles north of Steele, 

 N. Dak., known as the Langedahl, and the William Nelson plant at 

 Menoken, Burleigh County, N. Dak., would seem to be admirable 

 examples of the smaller kind. The former plant, with the exception 

 of the tank, was built by farmers. A thrashing engine may be used 

 for heating purposes by connecting a l 1 /^ -inert pipe to the whistle 

 intake, the whistle being removed, and the pipe joined to the union. 

 These plants have a capacity of 200 head per day. The cost, with- 

 out engine or labor, excepting the labor to build the tank or vat, 

 was about $150. One person can easily lower the loaded cage by 

 taking a hitch around a post, and it may be raised either with engine 

 or with horses. 



Materials for Small Plants. The list of materials for small 

 plants, the tank of which may be filled with suitable dip, includes 

 several important things, all of which will cost about $7.50. Among 

 the objects and articles needed are sliding and roller gates hung at 

 the ends of the alley or chute at both the entrance and exit of the 

 cage. The animal is made to enter and leave by easy stages, thus 

 avoiding sudden plunges and frights. This is thought to be a de- 

 cided improvement over having the gates hung by hinges at either 

 end of the cage. Barn-door rollers may be used. The rope from the 

 hoist works over a drum, with a brake, and may be drawn by horses 

 or a stationary engine, so the cage can be lowered by the same man 

 who operates the front gate. 



Advantages of the Small Dipping Plant. A plant of this capac- 

 ity will answer very well in a community where various owners have 

 bunches of cattle ranging from 80 to 100 head or less. Among its 

 chief advantages over the larger swimming tank are cheapness in 

 construction, because of its size, and proportionately smaller expense 

 in operating; the dip can be kept at the required temperature with 

 facility, because of its lesser volume, and the submersion of the ani- 

 mals, as well as the length of time it is desired to keep them in the 

 dip, can be more easily regulated. 



In communities where mange does not exist, and where num- 

 bers of small herds are infested with lice, a plant of this character 

 might be constructed and used with profit to the cattlemen. Many 

 of the cattle that were dipped during the past year because of having 

 been exposed to mange, or scabies, by being herded with those af- 

 fected, showed much improvement in condition soon after dipping, 

 although they had not shown distinct evidence of being affected with 

 mange. 



Tank with Heating Appliance. In some localities where steam 

 for heating the liquid in the dipping tank is not readily available, 

 an oblong radiator made of heavy galvanized iron, set inside of 

 the tank 1 inch from the side, is successfully used. This radiator, 

 or heater, should be set so that the dip may circulate around it. The 



