426 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



its place. Apply a firm compress over the injured eye and keep it 

 constantly wet with cold water containing 1 dram of sugar of lead 

 to each quart. 



If the attempt at reduction proves unsuccessful the artery at the 

 back of the eye should be ligated, and then the whole mass cut off as 

 deep within the orbit as possible. The orbital cavity should be 

 packed daily with fresh absorbent cotton after washing it out with a 

 3 per cent solution of carbolic acid or 10 cent dilution of creolin. 



INFLAMMATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE HAW. 



The haw, or membrana nictitans, is subject to inflammation 

 and swelling from the extension of conjunctivitis, or direct injury 

 by foreign substances. It presents a red, swollen appearance, accom- 

 panied by considerable pain and a profuse flow of tears. A slight 

 scarification with a sharp knife and the application of a cooling 

 lotion, such as recommended for conjunctivitis, will soon reduce the 

 swelling and restore it to its normal function. 



There is, however, a tendency for an inflammation of this mem- 

 brane to take on a chronic character, which may eventually result in 

 a permanent enlargement, resembling a tumor. When it attains 

 sufficient size to protrude itself permanently over the eye, or project 

 between the lids so as to obstruct the sight, its removal may become 

 necessary. A threaded needle is passed through the body of the 

 enlarged mass, by which the membrane is drawn out as far as pos- 

 sible, then with a blunt pair of scissors it may be dissected away from 

 its attachments. The eye is afterwards treated with simple cooling 

 lotions. 



THE EAR AND ITS DISEASES. 



Diseases of the ears of cattle are not very common, for the rea- 

 sons, probably, that they are not subjected to the brutality of drivers 

 so much as horses and that the horns to a great extent protect them 

 against external violence. 



OTiTis (INFLAMMATION OF THE INTERNAL EAR). 



Inflammation of the deep part of the ear is often difficult to 

 recognize in cattle. It may be caused by disease of bone in that 

 region, from blows inflicted by drivers, or from injury by other cat- 

 tle. Occasionally the ear becomes involved in actinomycosis, or the 

 inflammation may be the result of a tuberculous affection. 



Symptoms. The animal will hold its head to one side, or shake 

 it, while the ear itself is held immovable. The movement of the 

 jaws in eating usually gives rise to a manifestation of pain ; the base 

 of the ear may be feverish and swollen, and very sensitive to the 

 touch. If the inflammation has advanced to the suppurative stage, 

 matter will flow from the ear, which generally emits a very offensive 

 odor. 



Treatment. At first hot fomentations to reduce pain and fever, 

 followed by a sharp blister below the ear. Laudanum, 1 part to 10 

 parts of sweet oil, may be injected into the ear to relieve pain and to 

 soften the secretions. If there is a discharge from the ear, it should 

 be washed thoroughly out by injecting warm soapsuds until all the 



