480 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



worked off by the natural passages. Dipping them into water will 

 have the same effect. To prevent further fermentation, a table- 

 spoonful of turpentine can be given in three or four ounces of lin- 

 seed oil. The following receipt is useful; Glauber salts (half an 

 ounce), powdered gentian (one dram), aromatic spirits of ammonia 

 (two drams), water (six ounces) ; mix and give as a drench. 



CHRONIC TYMPANITES. 



Causes. The chronic form of tympanites is generally due to 

 some chronic diseases of the digestive track. The persistence of some 

 of the causes of the acute form may lead to the conditions becoming 

 chronic. 



Symptoms. The whole digestive system seems to lack tone and 

 vigor. The bowels are irregular and the sheep falls away in condi- 

 tion quite rapidly. Instead of the bloating being severe and inter- 

 mittent as in the acute form it is continuous and the gas does not 

 form rapidly. 



Treatment. The cause should be removed if possible, but in 

 some chronic diseases this cannot be accomplished. The sheep should 

 be fed easily digestible food and have free access to plenty of common 

 salt and pure water. As a laxative, four ounces of sulphate of soda 

 can be given in about ten ounces of water. As a digestive tonic the 

 following can be given: Sulphate of soda (six ounces), powdered 

 gentian (one ounce), and powdered nux vomica (one-half ounce) ; 

 mix, and give one tablespoonful in the feed morning and evening. 

 .Whenever necessary the trocar and canula should be used. 



OVERLOADING OP THE RUMEN OR PAUNCH. 



Causes. Overloading of the paunch is generally due to a sud- 

 den change from indifferent or poor food to palatable, succulent food, 

 such as green clover, corn, sorghum, etc., when eaten in excess. If 

 the digestive track is diseased and the movements of the paunch are 

 weak overloading is very apt to occur. 



Symptoms. The animal shows evidence of abdominal pain, 

 does not ruminate or eat and is dull and feverish. The abdomen is 

 distended on the left side, is not elastic as in tympanitis, but feels 

 doughy when pressed on with the fingers. Some gas may form but? 

 the distension of the rumen is mostly due to the mass of food. When 

 the disease is acute the symptoms are quite severe, the expression is 

 anxious, the head is extended, eyes prominent and the respirations 

 hurried. Constipation is a prominent symptom. Death may take 

 place in a few hours but generally runs a course of several days. 

 When the symptoms are mild, recovery is complete in a few days. 



Treatment. The proper preventive precautions should be used. 

 The sick animal should be subject to a rigid diet. Exercise and rub- 

 bing of the left flank may restore the normal movements of the 

 paunch. Cold water injections are useful. If gas forms the trocar 

 and canula must be used. As a purgative from four to six ounces of 

 Epsom salts can be given in plenty of water. To excite the move- 

 ments of the paunch four drams of aromatic spirits of ammonia in 

 two ounces of linseed oil can be given every few hours or the follow- 

 ing tonic: Powdered nux vomica (one-half ounce), powdered ginger 



