488 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



ounce) and linseed oil (three ounces) ; mix and give half a table- 

 spoonful every three or four hours. To relieve the inflammation 

 and lessen the pain, hot water fomentations or ammonia water can 

 be applied to the abdominal wall. In cases having high tempera- 

 tures, it is best to give the following febrifuge; acetanilide (one 

 ounce), quinine sulphate (one ounce), and powdered nux vomica 

 (one nali ounce) ; mix and divide into twelve powders ; give one 

 powder every three or four hours. To relieve the diarrhea and 

 fermentation in the intestines the following can be used: subni- 

 trate of bismuth (one ounce) salol (one and one-half ounces), and 

 bicarbonate of soda (three ounces) ; mix and give in one or two 

 teaspoonful doses every three or four hours. 



DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 



ACUTE CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS. 



Causes. During the course of some contagious diseases the 

 kidneys may become the seat of inflammatory process. Food con- 

 taining toxic element, irritating drugs and cold are common 

 causes. 



Symptoms. The sheep lags behind the flock and is often seen 

 Jying down. The back is arched, the loins tender, the gait stiff 

 and straddling and frequently it strains and passes bloody colored 

 urine. As the disease advances the animal becomes weak, dull and 

 stupid and when it walks, the gait is uncertain and it frequently 

 stumbles. Death may take place in about a week. If the disease 

 is mild recovery usually occurs in a few days. 



Lesions. The kidneys are reddened and larger than normal; 

 the kidney tissue becomes friable and in some cases almost like 

 pulp. 



Treatment. A sudden change from a dry diet to grass early 

 in the spring should be avoided by feeding the sheep a little rough- 

 ness or grain the first few days they are turned out. Irritating 

 drugs whether applied to the skin or given internally must be used 

 cautiously. After the disease has developed the animal must be 

 given good, nourishing food and comfortable quarters. Plenty of 

 oil or flaxseed meal is a very useful food in this disease. The 

 bowels must be kept loose by feeding laxative food or by frequent 

 doses of castor oil. The following preparation can be given; pow- 

 dered nux vomica (one ounce), sulphate of quinine (one ounce), 

 salol (one half ounce) ; mix and give in teaspoonful doses three 

 times a day. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. ACUTE NEPHRITIS. BRIGHT'S 



DISEASE. 



Causes. Congestion of the kidneys may terminate in an in- 

 flammation. The common causes of nephritis are similar to those 

 causing a congestion of these organs. 



Symptoms. Pain is not as prominent a symptom of this dis- 

 ease in sheep as in other domestic animals. There may be consid- 

 erable fever and a weak pulse. The urine is passed in small amounts 

 and at frequent intervals. Toward the latter stage of the disease, 



