490 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



Treatment. If a calculus is present in the bladder it must 

 be removed if possible. In spasm of the neck of the bladder mor- 

 phine or belladonna can be given, and when paralyzed, it is neces- 

 sary to pass the catheter frequently. If due to an inflamed pre- 

 puce, the part must be washed with warm water and castile soap, 

 and vaseline applied to the part. 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 



COLD J CATARRH J CORYZA. 



Causes. This affection is due principally to exposure to cold, 

 rainy weather, and in some years is very prevalent. Too early 

 clipping may also be a cause. Confinement in basements of barns 

 without sufficient ventilation will produce it. Coryza is sometimes 

 caused by the larva of the sheep bot fly. 



Symptoms. The membrane lining the anterior air passages 

 is irritated, reddened and inflamed and the sheep sneezes frequently 

 or has a slight cough. During the early stage of the inflammation, 

 the nasal membrane is red and dry. It soon becomes moist, the 

 discharge from the nostrils is watery at first, in a short time may 

 be changed to a heavy white flocculent, purulent fluid. The mu- 

 cous membrane of the eye may take part in the inflammation; 

 sometimes a slight fever accompanies the cold. If the discharge 

 persists the animal becomes emaciated. If the attack is severe and 

 the exposure continues, the inflammation may extend to other 

 parts of the respiratory tract. The prognosis is usually favorable. 



Treatment. The preventive measures consist in providing the 

 flock with good, clean, dry and well ventilated quarters, when 

 necessary and waiting until a favorable season before clipping 

 them. Usually, good quarters is all the treatment required for the 

 sick animals. Steaming the sheep will relieve the irritated mem- 

 branes. The steaming should be kept up for about half an hour 

 and repeated two or three times a day. Early in the attack, a laxa- 

 tive can be given, and if necessary, febrifuges. Liquor ammonia 

 acetate is sometimes given in half ounce doses every few hours. A 

 nourishing, easily digested diet will be of much benefit. If due to 

 bot fly larva, the only successful treatment is to trephine into the 

 sinuses of the head and remove the parasites. If the catarrh devel- 

 ops early in the fall and the sheep are in good condition, they may 

 be turned over to the butcher, if in the spring, good food with grain 

 will carry them through until the fly comes away. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX AND PHARYNX. 



SORE THROAT. 



Causes. Sore throat may occur independently of simple ca- 

 tarrh, but more commonly is seen as a complication of that disease. 

 Exposure to frequent colds, changes in climate, wet, chilly weather 

 and such unsanitary surroundings as hot, close, dirty buildings are 

 common causes of sore throat. 



Symptoms. When caused by the inflammation spreading 

 from the nasal cavities to the larynx and throat the early symptoms 



