500 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



a two per cent, watery solution of creolin. The maternal passages 

 and uterus should then be washed with a similar antiseptic solution. 

 If the parts become inflamed, they must be washed daily and when 

 the animal is feverish, the following febrifuge can be given; ace- 

 tanilid (six drams), quinine sulphate (three drains), calomel (one 

 dram), powdered nux-vomica (two drams); mix and divide into 

 eight powders ; give one powder in a drench every four hours. 



MAMMITIS; INFLAMMATION OF THE UDDER. 



Causes. Congestion of the mammary glands is due to various 

 causes. Exposure to cold, bruises from the head of the lamb, lying 

 on stones or on the ground in damp folds, yards or pastures, and irri- 

 tation from retained milk, are common causes of inflammation of 

 the udder. 



Symptoms. In most cases the inflammation does not cause the 

 animal much pain and disappears in a few days. It may, however, 

 if neglected, become serious. The udder will then become swollen 

 and painful, the skin covering it red and shiny, and later abscesses 

 may form. The gland secretes but little milk, and it is frequently 

 coagulated or contains pus. The ewe loses flesh, is feverish and has 

 a poor appetite. 



Treatment. In mild cases of mammitis but little treatment is 

 necessary. It is generally advisable, however, to diet the animal. 

 When feverish, a purgative of Epsom salts (three or four ounces) 

 should be given in a drench. The following ointment can be rubbed 

 on the inflamed gland twice a day; vaseline (four ounces), camphor 

 ointment (two ounces), extract of belladonna (one-half ounce) ; or a 

 liniment of linseed oil (six ounces) and carbolic acid (one dram) 

 can be used. When the milk is clotted or contains pus, it must be 

 drained off with the siphon once or twice a day and a two per cent 

 solution of creolin injected into the gland. A convenient apparatus 

 for this is a teat siphon with about a foot or two of rubber tubing at- 

 tached and carrying a small glass funnel at one end. 



CASTRATION. 



Castration of male lambs is best done when the animal is from 

 two to six weeks old and in strong, healthy lambs, the operation may 

 be performed as early as the third day. Flockmasters who allow the 

 lambs to become two or three months old usually suffer some loss, 

 even when the operation is carefully performed. 



The operator should provide himself with a table, castrating 

 knife, a pan or pail containing an antiseptic solution and an assist- 

 ant, to catch and to hold the lambs. When the knife is not in use it 

 should be dropped into the antiseptic solution. The assistant catches 

 the lamb and holds it in a convenient position on the table. The 

 region around the scrotum should be washed with an antiseptic, and 

 if covered with wool, it should be clipped to insure cleanliness. The 

 end of the scrotum is then cut off and each testicle in its turn is drawn 

 out with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, until the sper- 

 matic cord is ruptured. Sometimes it is necessary to pull out the 

 testicle and scrape the cord with the edge of the knife until it breaks 

 off. After removing the testicles if the opening in the scrotum is 



