DISEASES OF SHEEP 571 



the stomach. Oleoresin of aspidiwm, or ethereal extract of male 

 fern. Very reliable. Kamala. Effective and convenient in that it 

 acts as its own purgative as a rule. Sometimes advisable to follow 

 by one of the purgatives mentioned later in this article. Koussein, 

 kussein, or brayerin. Very prompt and safe. Will act as a purga- 

 tive, but should be followed by one of the purgatives noted below. 

 Areca nut. Good when freshly ground. 



The dose for each of the above remedies is as follows: Pel- 

 letierine tannate, 5 to 15 grains ; oleoresin of aspidium, 15 to 40 min- 

 ims ; kamala, 15 to 30 grains ; koussein, 15 to 50 grains ; areca nut, 

 20 to 50 grains. A sheep dog, weighing from 30 to 40 pounds, 

 would require approximately the following amounts : Of pelletierine 

 tannate, 10 grains ; of oleoresin of aspidium, 30 minims ; of kamala, 

 20 to 25 grains ; of koussein, 30 grains ; of areca nut, 35 to 40 grains. 



For the purpose of the man who is unfamiliar with apothe- 

 caries' weights and measures, or who is in no position to weigh and 

 measure in such fashion, the writer suggests that the drug desired, 

 together with a box of No. 00 capsules, be purchased, and the amount 

 of the drug be measured and administered in the capsule. There is 

 a certain amount of variation in the amount of a powdered drug 

 which can be placed in a capsule, owing to variations in the differ- 

 ent lots of drugs, to variations of the same lot under varying condi- 

 tions, and especially to variation in degree of compression. This is 

 not of very great importance, however, as there is also a variation 

 in the response to drugs of different dogs and of the same dog at 

 different times. Give the 30 to 40 pound sheep dog 2 capsules full 

 of pelletierine tannate, or 2 capsules full of oleoresin of aspidium, or 

 2 to 2 1 /2 capsules full of kamala, or 5 capsules full of koussein, or 

 6 to 7 capsules full of areca nut. In the case of the powdered drugs 

 the powder should be packed in the capsule by repeated tapping. 



Where No. 00 capsules are not available when desired, other 

 sizes may be purchased and the dose computed from the number of 

 No. 00 capsules needed. The following table shows the relation of 

 the No. 00 capsule to other capsules as regards capacity: 



Number of capsule 00 012345 



Relative capacity 12 8 6 4 3 2 1 



It is evident from this that it would take 12 times as many 

 No. 5 capsules, 6 times as many No. 4 capsules, etc., of any drug as 

 it would of No. 00 capsules. Drugs should be purchased in small 

 quantities and used while fresh, as they lose in strength and effi- 

 ciency in most cases as they get older. 



The method which the writer commonly employs in adminis- 

 tering drugs to dogs is to push the capsule down the throat as far as 

 possible with the right forefinger, working from the right side, while 

 an assistant holds the dog with a piece of board in the left angle of 

 the jaw to keep the dog from biting. Another way is to drop the 

 capsules into the mouth and then hold back the head, keeping the 

 piece of board in the angle of the jaw, and pour water in the mouth, 

 holding the nose till the capsules are swallowed. Where it seems 

 inadvisable to do these things, capsules may be fed in pieces of meat, 



