576 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



appetite, at first good, in later stage becomes impaired. Other dis- 

 eases may supervene and carry off the already debilitated animal. 

 The appetite of affected animals 'may for some time continue good, 

 more food and drink being taken than when free from parasites. 



A number of correspondents have reported serious loss of lambs 

 from tape-worm diseases, and this, like some of the other parasitical 

 troubles, is, no doubt, becoming more widely disseminated over the 

 State. After the parasites reach the adult stage, the segments are 

 usually soon shed, and the lamb, if not too badly emaciated, may 

 improve and entirely recover. 



Prevention consists of providing, if possible, new pastures and 

 a pure water supply. Over-stocking and the use of low, wet pas- 

 tures should be avoided if possible. 



Medicinal treatment is quite effectual if the flock is taken in 

 hand early. No treatment will avail in the late stages of disease, 

 when the animal has become badly debilitated. The treatment 

 should be commenced as soon as tape-worm disease can be detected, 

 and if possible, before actual symptoms of disease appears. For the 

 destruction of this parasite, several preparations are recommended. 

 Before administering the medicine, food and water should be with- 

 held for about twelve hours, and it is advisable to follow the tape- 

 worm remedy in three or four hours with a cathartic. Unless the 

 head of the worm is expelled, the segments will be reproduced and 

 the most successful remedy is one that leads to the expulsion of the 

 entire worm. 



Areca nut, powdered, in one to three dram doses, male shield 

 fern in two ounce doses, kousso in one and one-half to two dram 

 doses, and picrate of potash in from six to twenty grain doses, 

 are the preparations most highly recommended. The picrate of pot- 

 ash is said to be very efficient, but if properly administered, no doubt 

 any of the above will give good results. Oil of turpentine is also 

 much used. After using this remedy for the destruction of the stom- 

 ach worm, I have observed sheep to pass large numbers of tape- 

 worms. 



In the treatment of badly affected flocks, the animals should re- 

 ceive the best of care, and in addition to being supplied with nutri- 

 tious food in liberal quantities, should for a time receive tonic 

 treatment. 



LARGE ROUND WORM (ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES) . 



This parasite is very common in swine, but is seldom met with 

 in sheep. It is thought that the latter may become infested with 

 the parasite by being pastured with swine. The worm is several 

 inches in length and may be easily recognized. It is found in the 

 small intestine and is most abundant in summer and fall. Any 

 good worm medicine will destroy them. 



THE CAECUM WORM (TRICHOCEPHALUS AFFINIS) . 



This parasite is found in the large intestine of sheep, goats and 

 cattle. It is common in sheep, where it is often found in great num- 

 bers. It is a small, whip-like shaped worm. The slim part rep- 

 resents the head extremity which is attached to the mucous mem- 



