584 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



avoided by frequently removing the manure from the yard and keep- 

 ing the surface sprinkled with lime and salt. The lambs and ewes will 

 soon learn the way to their proper pastures, and after a few days little 

 difficulty will be experienced in separating them each time after the 

 lambs are through suckling. 



2. Another plan which may be followed where the climatic 

 conditions are suitable that is, in regions where there is a cold win- 

 ter season is that of having the lambs born at a time of year when 

 there will be no danger of their becoming infected during the suck- 

 ling period, and weaning and separating them from the rest of the 

 flock before the advent of warm weather. Under the usual climatic 

 conditions of the State of Ohio, for instance, if the lambs are born 

 in the latter part of October or the first of November they may re- 

 main with the ewes on fields which have not been previously occu- 

 pied by sheep, goats, or cattle within a year or, if cultivated fields, 

 since cultivation until the following March without danger of be- 

 coming infected, since the eggs in the droppings of the infested ewes 

 will not hatch out during this time of year because of the cold 

 weather. The use of fields not previously occupied by sheep, goats, 

 or cattle within a year, or since cultivation, is necessary, since other- 

 wise the fields would be already infected with young worms which 

 had hatched out and reached the infectious stage before the begin- 

 ning of cold weather, and the lambs would consequently be liable to 

 infection from picking up these young worms, which are not killed 

 by cold weather after they have reached the final stage of larval de- 

 velopment. When they are weaned the lambs must, of course, be 

 placed on clean pasture, if they are to continue free from infection. 

 With this method only two clean pastures are necessary, one in 

 which the ewes and lambs are placed in the fall, and another for the 

 lambs when they are weaned in March. 



Unfortunately for this scheme, it is not always possible to have 

 lambs born at the beginning of the winter season; but with addi- 

 tional clean pastures a modification of the foregoing method may be 

 used in the case of lambs born toward the end of the winter or in 

 the spring. In the northern United States lambs born the first of 

 February, for example, may be kept with their mothers in a clean 

 field or pasture until the last of March, as in the case of those born 

 at the beginning of winter, but unlike the latter they will not then 

 be old enough to wean. Accordingly they are not separated from 

 the rest of the flock, but the ewes and lambs are moved together to a 

 second clean pasture April 1. May 1 they are moved to a third clean 

 pasture, May 15 they are moved again, and finally the lambs are 

 weaned June 1 at the age of four months, and moved by 

 themselves to a clean pasture. In the case of lambs born the first 

 of March and weaned the first of July three additional clean pastures 

 would be required for use during the month of June, and with later 

 lambs a still greater number of pastures would be necessary. 



Treatment for Stomach Worms. Among the remedies which 

 may be used to remove stomach worms may be mentioned coal-tar 

 creosote, bluestone, and gasoline. The animals to be treated should 



