588 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



toms resemble those seen in other parasitic troubles, such as general 

 debility and in the most severe cases rapid emaciation, and exces- 

 sive diarrhoea. A positive diagnosis can only be made by post- 

 mortem examination and finding the characteristic nodules on the 

 intestines. The cause of death in acute cases is evidently the in- 

 terference caused by the tumors to the process of absorption. Or, 

 in other words, the animal is deprived of proper nutrition on ac- 

 count of the function of the intestinal walls being interfered with 

 by the tumors, and the process of absorption of nutrient material 

 thereby lessened. The extent of the derangement may be said to 

 be in direct ratio to the number of tumors present. 



The treatment so far suggested is chiefly preventive, although 

 we believe the best results would be obtained from a combination of 

 both preventive and curative, when handling an infected flock. 

 The chief drawback to the desired effects of medicinal treatment is 

 the embedded or encysted position of the parasites in the tumors 

 which seem to be beyond the reach of medicines. Still, as adult 

 worms are found free in the bowels, vermifuge medicines would 

 necessarily have some effect upon those in this situation. The 

 gasoline treatment, used in stomach-worm disease, has been recom- 

 mended. A weak solution of creolin seems to have given favorable 

 results in the hands of Dr. M. Jacob, of the Tennessee Experiment 

 Station, a report of which he gave in a paper read before the United 

 States Association of Experiment Station Veterinarians, at Atlantic 

 City, N. J., in September, 1901. We quote from his paper the fol- 

 lowing: "Sheep had been dying at the rate of four or five a week. 

 They had been put in a new field about six weeks previously, but 

 still continued to die until after they had received, daily, about 20 

 minims of crude creolin per head. This was prepared in the form 

 of a drench by dissolving 5 ounces of creolin in one gallon of water, 

 and giving each sheep about one ounce a day for ten days. This 

 treatment seemed to give pretty fair results, for during the next 

 two or three months the death rate was very markedly decreased." 

 Dr. Jacob thinks the treatment ought to be continued for at least one 

 month. The individual treatment of sheep, where there are large 

 numbers of them, is an undertaking which but few of our sheep 

 owners in the State would attempt, except, perhaps, in the case of 

 the animals being valuable purebreds. Dr. Cooper Curtice also 

 states, however, "that in case medicinal remedies are tried, each 

 animal must be dosed." 



Those who are at all familiar with intestinal parasitic diseases 

 are aware that medicinal treatment alone will not yield satisfactory 

 results, but that other measures, outside of the animal, must like- 

 wise be adopted. For, to attain our object, we must not only en- 

 deavor to destroy the parasites in the animal but we must also treat 

 the infected pastures to destroy or render innocuous the parasites 

 that may be on their surface, and capable of infecting animals 

 (sheep in this case) grazing over them. A combination of both, 

 then, is necessary for the most satisfactory results. Curtice re- 

 marks, "that the same care in changing pastures, in providing good 



