640 DISEASES OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, ETC. 



spirited condition, a capricious appetite or anorexia (loss of appe- 

 tite) , fatigue, trembling, chills, erected hair, a dry and hot nose. As 

 a rule, the disease enters on its course with an elevation of tempera- 

 ture (102 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit). In some cases, where the 

 patient is strong, the rise in temperature is not so well marked. 



Ocular Symptoms. In a great majority of cases it is in the 

 eyes that the first local symptoms are observed. They consist of a 

 conjunctivitis, which later becomes purulent; the eye is watery; 

 there is photophobia; the eyelids are injected, the conjunctiva is red 

 and tumefied, the exudate dries and forms crusts on the edges of the 

 eyes during the day, and agglutinates them during the night. The 

 continued inflammation, in addition to mechanical interference 

 (scratching, rubbing, etc.), often causes the formation of true ulcers. 

 In other cases are observed in both eyes a diffuse parenchymatous 

 keratitis (an inflammation of the cornea) ; giving rise to a milky 

 or cloudy appearance of the cornea. In some cases the eye manifes- 

 tations are the chief symptoms. 



Symptoms of the Digestive Apparatus. There is generally a 

 capricious appetite or loss of appetite; redness and dryness of the 

 buccal mucous membrane; intense thirst; either constipation or a 

 fetid diarrhea, either mucous, frothy or hemorrhagic. In weak ani- 

 mals and in advanced stages the urine, which is often albuminous, 

 contains coloring matters of the bile. These intestinal symptoms 

 may be the only manifestations of the disease. 



Symptoms of the Respiratory Apparatus. These, which are 

 those of catarrh or inflammation of the mucous membrane lining 

 the nasal cavities, bronchial tubes and air-cells of the lungs, present 

 themselves very suddenly, and are characterized by a serous, mucous 

 or purulent discharge, with sneezing and itching of the nose. Later 

 the discharge becomes yellowish and streaked with blood, with a 

 more or less offensive odor. Small ulcers often appear on the nasal 

 mucous membranes. Accompanying this nasal catarrh a laryngeal 

 catarrh is often seen which is marked by a cough, at first dry and 

 hard, afterwards moist and accompanied by a discharge. This 

 cough often produces vomiting. From the larynx the inflammatory 

 condition extends into the bronchi. Bronchitis is indicated by the 

 increased number of respirations, by a coarse respiratory murmur, 

 and by rales. In bronchiolitis, or an inflammation of the mucous 

 membrane lining the small bronchioles of the lungs, which is fre- 

 quent in distemper, the breathing is accelerated and quite difficult; 

 a weak, painful cough is heard at the time of percussion of the 

 thorax, also dry and moist rales with fine or coarse bubbles are heard 

 on oscultation. In young and weak animals which do not succeed 

 in expectorating the bronchial exudate, the latter is drawn into the 

 alvioli, and catarrhal pneumonia (an inflammation of the mucous 

 membrane lining the air-cells of the lungs) is developed. These 

 symptoms are accompanied by a rise in temperature, a harsh, rough- 

 ened and intensified breathing in circumscribed areas of the thorax. 

 Cough is weak and laborious, and the pulse becomes weak and rapid. 



