GRASS AND HAY 135 



fond of it. Black Grass (Juncus gerardi) . Common along the At- 

 lantic, extending westward through the region of the Great Lakes; 

 it is the principal constituent of the marsh hay cut along the coast, 

 and is important as a forage plant which will grow where better 

 species will not thrive. Black Medick (Medicago lupulina). An 

 annual or biennial, widely grown as a pasture plant in wet meadows 

 and on stiff, clayey soils whch are too poor to grow alfalfa or clo- 

 ver; it remains green during the dryest summers; red-clover seed 

 imported into this country sometimes consists of 50 per cent of 

 Medicago lupulina. Blue Lupine (Lupinus hirsutus) . This lupine 

 is an annual used for turning under as green manure. Blue-weed 

 (Hoffmanseggia stricta] . A low perennial legume, common in the 

 Southwest, often occurring as a weed in cultivated lands ; the foliage 

 is grazed by stock, and the underground tubers are eaten by hogs; 

 it grows luxuriantly in semi-arid districts. Boerhavia (Boerhavia 

 erecta). This species, common in the mountains of New Mexico, 

 is one of the best of the native pasture plants for sheep. Buckwheat 

 (Fagopyrum esculentum) . Buckwheat, a well-known annual, cul- 

 tivated for its seeds, is a native of northern Asia, and has been under 

 cultivation about one thousand years. It succeeds in cold climates 

 on the poorest land. For fodder or as green manure, clayey soils 

 produce the largest crops. On account of the short season in which 

 it matures, it is adapted to cultivation in high latitudes and alpine 

 regions. It is an excellent soiling crop, either fed alone or with oats 

 or green corn, and is recommended for milch cows. Bud Brush 

 (Artemisia spinescens). A much branched perennial in the arid 

 regions of Wyoming, Utah and other Western States; it develops 

 early, being at its best by the end of May; it is said that sheep run 

 hastily from clump to clump in search of this succulent morsel. 

 Buffalo Clover (Trifolium reflexum). A native annual or bien- 

 nial species abundant in the middle prairie region where it fur- 

 nishes a considerable amount of highly nutritious forage, greedily 

 eaten by all kinds of stock. Bur Clover (Medicago maculata). 

 Widely introduced in the Eastern and Southern States as far west 

 as Texas. Burnett (Poterium sanguisorba) . A so-called clover, 

 belonging to the Rose family, only used in mixtures for sheep pas- 

 tures on dry and barren sandy or calcareous fields ; the hay contains 

 about 15 per cent of crude protein. Bush Pea (Thermopsis mon- 

 tana). A stout perennial herb, stems 2 or 3 feet high, native of the 

 Rocky Mountains; the hay is readily eaten by stock if cut before 

 the stems become woody. Bushy Dalea (Dalea scoparia) . A vetch 

 with almost leafless stems; abundant on the mesas of New Mexico 

 and Arizona, supplying forage during the dry season. Bushy Knot- 

 wood (Polygonum ramosissimum) . This is a native of the semi- 

 arid plains and foothills from Texas to Idaho; bushy knotweed is 

 closely grazed by cattle and sheep and supplies quite an amount of 

 nutritious forage in summer and early autumn. Butterfly Pea 

 (Clitoria mariana). A low ascending or twining legume on dry 

 hills and banks of streams in the Eastern and Southern States; a 

 nutritious forage plant for woodland pastures. Buttcrweed or 



