GRASS AND HAY 171 



and Central States. It is an inferior fodder grass, but owing to its 

 earliness it possesses some value in mixtures for pastures, and its 

 sweet scent adds a pleasing fragrance to hay, of which it should form 

 only a small percentage. 



Toothache-grass (Campulosus aromaticus) . A perennial grass 

 with erect stems 3 to 4 feet high. Native of the Southern States 

 from Virginia southward, growing in the wet pine barrens, pos- 

 sessing no agricultural value, but rather curious in appearance. The 

 strong rootstocks are lemon-scented and have a pungent taste. 

 Tufted Hair-grass (Deschampsia csespitosa). A native perennial, 

 ranging from New England to Pennsylvania, and westward to the 

 Pacific Coast. It yields an inferior, coarse, harsh forage, and is not 

 eaten by stock except when young. It has a record of producing 

 10,209 pounds green and 3,318 pounds dry hay per acre. 



Vanilla-grass (Savastana odorata). A rather slender, sweet- 

 scented perennial, with short culm leaves and brownish panicles. 

 Moist meadows and mountains of the Northeastern States, extend- 

 ing westward to Oregon. This grass, remarkable for its fragrance, 

 has long, creeping rhizomes, from which spring the flowering culms 

 and numerous long-leafed sterile or flowerless shoots. These long 

 leaves are woven into small mats and boxes by the Indians, and find 

 a ready market because of the sweet odor, which they retain for a 

 long time. This odor resembles that of sweet vernal grass, but is 

 more powerful, especially when this grass is dry. 



Wall Barley (Hordeum murinum). A coarse, tufted annual, 

 introduced along the Pacific Coast, particularly in California, where 

 it has become a serious pest. At maturity the head or spike readily 

 breaks up, and the groups of spikelets, which are sharp pointed at 

 the base, adhere to almost any passing object; they work up the nos- 

 trils of cattle and into the fleece of sheep, and may do injury to the 

 animals. Water Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) . A low, usually 

 procumbent grass, grows in wet places, and is very widely distrib- 

 uted throughout the north temperate zone. Under favorable cir- 

 cumstances this grass makes a good turf and a pleasing lawn of a 

 deep rich green color, remaining green throughout the severe winter 

 weather of the Middle States. Wild Rye (Elymus canadensis) . 

 Common in low thickets and along streams in rich, open woods 

 throughout the country. In the Northwest it is regarded as of some 

 agricultural value ; its cultivation is evidently worthy of trial, for if 

 it could be successfully grown its yield of hay would be large, and, 

 judging from appearances, the hay would be of good quality. Wire 

 grama (Muhlenbergia porteri) . This grass is a native of New Mex- 

 ico and Arizona, growing on the dry mesas and table-lands. It has 

 a straggling habit of growth. It furnishes excellent feed for cattle 

 in the regions where it grows and yields good hay. Western Wheat- 

 grass (Agropyron spicatum). A grass closely resembling the 

 Couch-grass of the Eastern States, and by some regarded as only a 

 variety of it. It has the same strong and extensively creeping root- 

 stocks, and the foliage and spikes are very similar, but the whole 



