MISCELLANEOUS CROPS 631 



meal is especially desirable in the manufacture of almond macaroons 

 and small cakes, to which it imparts the desired almond flavor. It 

 is also used in the manufacture of candies. Peanut oil is used in the 

 same manner as olive oil; also for mixing with cottonseed oil in 

 order to improve the quality of the cottonseed oil for salad purposes. 



The Uses of Peanut By-Products as Foods for Live Stock. In 

 the factories where peanuts are cleaned, shelled, and graded ready 

 for the market there is always a certain percentage of cleanings and 

 inferior stock that can readily be turned into stock foods. The out- 

 side shell, or hull, of the peanut is rich in food materials, but is ex- 

 tremely difficult to reduce to a condition in which it can be fed. In 

 large cleaning factories the shells are generally used as fuel, and the 

 ash resulting therefrom is valuable as a fertilizer, often containing as 

 high as 3 per cent of phosphoric acid, 9 per cent of potash, and 6 

 per cent of lime. 



The thin brown covering of the peas has a feeding value almost 

 equal to that of wheat bran. These hulls are especially desirable 

 for mixing with the smaller particles of broken peas for stock feed- 

 ing. In large factories where peanuts are prepared for the manu- 

 facture of peanut butter and similar preparations the waste in the 

 form of small particles of the meats and the germs is considerable 

 and this is sola to farmers for feeding purposes. In some cases the 

 waste is mixed with a portion of the hulls and finely ground or 

 chopped before leaving the factory. Peanut hulls make an excel- 

 lent bedding for use in stables, and by using them in this manner 

 and hauling the manure upon the land their full value can be 

 obtained. 



Broken peas and germs are used largely as a food for hogs, but 

 both should oe fed in moderation and in combination with some 

 grain, as the peanut fed by itself will produce a hog having soft fat 

 and inferior meat. The famous Smithfield hams and bacon come 

 from hogs that are fed partly on peanuts, the practice being to turn 

 the hogs into the peanut fields after the crop has been gathered and 

 allow them to glean the pods that were lost in harvesting. The prin- 

 cipal objection to the use of peanut by-products as stock feed is their 

 tendency to become rancid very quickly. The germs, which are 

 high in nitrogen content, become rancid and bitter in a short while 

 and should not be kept on hand for a greater period than fifty or 

 sixty days. 



Possibilities in the Manufacture of Peanut Oil. The oil of the 

 peanut belongs commercially in the same class as cottonseed and 

 olive oils. Peanut oil is of a higher grade than cottonseed oil and 

 of somewhat lower value than first-class olive oil. Peanut oil is 

 sometimes used for mixing with olive oil for the production of an 

 oil that can be sold at a lower price than pure olive oil. On the 

 other hand, peanut oil is frequently mixed with cottonseed oil in 

 order to improve the quality of the cottonseed oil for certain pur- 

 poses. 



The quantity of oil that may be obtained from the peanut will 

 depend upon the variety, the maturity of the peas, and the appara- 

 tus with which the extraction is made. The Spanish meats when 



