HORTICULTURE 49 



turning under the crop at the right time rather than one of selecting 

 a crop that will decay readily. 



That the cost of a green manure may not be too great, it is nec- 

 essary that the price of seed be reasonable as compared with the re- 

 sults to be obtained. (B. P. I. B. 190.) 



Conditions Under Which Green-Manure Crops Should Not Be 

 Used. There are some sections in which green-manure crops can be 

 grown satisfactorily, but their utility nevertheless seems questionable. 

 This is especially true in lemon orchards having a very heavy soil, 

 and to a less degree in orange orchards. By a heavy soil is not meant 

 a heavy loam, but an adobe or a soil approaching that texture. On 

 such soils the discontinuance of cultivation which is necessitated by 

 the growing of a green-manure crop allows the soil to become quite 

 hard and packed, thus permitting very imperfect aeration. This is a 

 most undesirable soil condition to maintain during a period of sev- 

 eral months, and its injurious effects may be seen in the unthrifty 

 appearance of the trees. Where this effect is very marked it is un- 

 doubtedly best not to use a green manure, but to use stable manure 

 instead, if such is available. (B. P. I. B. 190.) 



Varieties, Planting, and Pruning. The varieties of fruit best 

 adapted to a given location can not be named without special and 

 careful study. Some that are very profitable in one locality, in an- 

 other close by, with perhaps a different soil or elevation, may be 

 complete failures. The selection of varieties for profitable culture 

 is one of the most important matters that the fruit grower has to 

 consider. There are many new varieties of fruit introduced each 

 year and few of them are any better than old standard sorts, while 

 the greater part are almost worthless. 



The several varieties of fruits in cultivation may each be divided 

 into two general classes: (a) Varieties of great vigor and produc- 

 tiveness, adapted to a wide range of country. These, as a rule, are 

 somewhat inferior in quality but of fine appearance and good enough 

 in quality to satisfy the average market. Among such varieties are 

 the Duchess of Oldenburg, Talman Sweet, and Ben Davis apples; 

 Bartlett and Anjou pears; Lombard and Quackenboss plums; Craw- 

 ford and Elberta peaches; Concord and Niagara grapes; King and 

 Cuthbert raspberries ; Snyder blackberry ; and Splendid and Warfield 

 strawberries. These varieties do well over a large extent of country. 

 They may not bring the highest prices, but sell well and are the 

 popular standards, (b) Another class includes varieties that are 

 sensitive as to soil and location and are not generally successful. 

 Where they do well their fruit is of very superior quality. As be- 

 longing to this class may be mentioned the Newtown Pippin, Graven- 

 stein, and Williams apples ; Green Gage plum ; Bosc pear ; Columbia 

 peach; lona grape; Herstine raspberry; Lawton blackberry; and 

 Jucunda strawberry. 



In selecting varieties the fruit grower should choose such as are 

 adapted to his market, for this is where their commercial value will 

 finally be tested. Grow what the consumer desires. You want a 

 fruit that will sell. The grower can not expect to change very ma- 



