HORTICULTURE 



57 



GOOSEBERRIES. 



Downing, Josselyn. (O. E. S., Cir. 55.) 



KINDS OF FRUIT CULTIVATED IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 



The kinds of fruit cultivated in the United States and Canada 

 embrace nearly all known varieties. For a complete list of the cul- 

 tivated fruits properly classified see table of "Fruits Recommended 

 by the American Pomological Society for the United States and 

 Canada" in Bulletin 151 of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture. 



PREPARING THE LAND FOR PLANTING. 



One of the first considerations in planting the orchard and in 

 some respects the most important, is the preparation of the land. It is 

 true that orchards can be planted on land that has been poorly pre- 

 pared, but as a rule the difficulties which later arise more than offset 

 the supposed gain. 



Preparation for planting should consider at least the character 

 of the surface soil, and the subsoil. With the ideal subsoil no atten- 

 tion need be given, but where the subsoil, or even the lower portion 

 of the surface soil is a compact clay, then subsoiling should be done. 



The surface soil should be considered from two standpoints 

 the character of the tilth, and the presence of organic material. 

 While the former is more or less dependent upon the latter, the 

 degree of firmness is a matter that should not be overlooked. A 

 clover sod, or still better, a crop of clover, ploughed under, followed 

 by a cultivated crop, preferably corn, grown upon the land puts the 

 soil in the best possible condition for the planting of trees the follow- 

 ing year. Frequent cultivation of the crop so as to put the soil in 

 good tilth is essential. The clover which has been turned under 

 adds both organic matter and nitrogen which assists in a vigorous 

 growth of the trees the season planted. If the soil has been put in 

 good condition little work is necessary in the spring before planting. 

 The land may have been ploughed the fall previous or just before 

 planting. Fall ploughing usually permits of earlier setting of trees. 



Planting Plans. There are numerous systems for planting 

 orchards. Many fruit growers have worked out their own systems. 

 Those mostly used are the rectangular, quincunx, alternate and hex- 

 agonal, or modifications of them, as follows: 



Square 



Quincunx 



Alternate 



