HORTICULTURE 61 



when the wire is used for locating the trees. The position of the 

 first row should be determined and stakes set near each end. Each 

 succeeding row is marked in like manner. If the ploughing is to 

 be done in but one direction, the distance between the trees may be 

 determined by one- of the methods previously mentioned. When 

 done in both directions, the other sides of the area should be staked 

 out in the same way as the first two. It is usually found advan- 

 tageous to have other stakes set in line between the end ones, particu- 

 larly if the rows are long or the site rolling. With a steady team and 

 good driver, the rows can be gotten reasonably straight, but it is 

 always desirable when this method is used to be very careful in get- 

 ting the trees of the first two rows and the first two trees of each suc- 

 ceeding row in exactly the right place, and then line in the other 

 trees of the row. In doing this, working two men together will 

 greatly facilitate planting. 



Staking for Hexagonal System. One method has already been 

 given for staking for the hexagonal system. Most methods which 

 are used in laying out the orchard by the rectangular system can be 

 employed in the hexagonal system if the following facts are taken 

 into consideration. That in the hexagonal system the distance be- 

 tween the trees in the row are the same as in the rectangular system, 

 but that the distance between the rows is less. Also that the trees of 

 the even numbered rows are midway between the trees of the odd 

 rows. It would be more difficult to use the plow in one direction in 

 planting by this system than by the rectangular. 



Another method is frequently used in staking out the hexagonal 

 orchard. The first row is located with reference to the fence and 

 becomes the base line. Beginning at the selected position of the 

 first tree, stakes are set at the desired distance between trees, a wire 

 the length of the distance between trees is then used for the location 

 of the remaining trees. It is convenient to have a ring at each end 

 of the wire as this facilitates handling. If the rings are used the 

 length of the wire should be considered as extending from center to 

 center of the rings. One ring should be fitted with a marking pin, 

 this end to be used by the man locating the position of the trees. 



The method of locating the trees follows: A holds the center 

 of his ring over the first stake of row 1, while, B takes the marking 

 end and strikes an arc at what he thinks is the location of the first 

 tree of the next row. A walks to the second stake of the first row, 

 and B again strikes an arc. At the intersection of these arcs he sets 

 a stake, locating the position of the tree. B then strikes an arc 

 where he thinks the location of the second tree will be. When all 

 the trees of row 2 are located, it becomes the base line from which to 

 locate trees of row 3. If the ground be uneven, a plumb bob should 

 be used so that the wire may be kept horizontal. In locating the end 

 tree there is frequently but one stake from which to strike an arc. 

 The location is easily determined, however, by locating the second 

 tree first, and then use it as the point from which the arc is struck. 

 After three rows have been located by the arcs, others may be 

 lined in. 



