66 HORTICULTURE, FORESTRY, FLORICULTURE 



placing. Such a practice invites carelessness in handling and setting 

 the trees. In addition, it works a hardship on the careful man be- 

 cause he is compelled to help pay the cost of his neighbor's careless- 

 ness. Almost always the grower will find it worth while to carry 

 his own risks if he orders good trees and is careful in planting them. 

 In writing for quotations on trees he should state that he does not 

 want his trees "guaranteed," and the nurseryman will make a con- 

 siderable reduction from his regular price. Many nurseries outside 

 of the state do not "replace" stock which dies the first year, and in 

 comparing prices with those quoted in the catalogues this should 

 be taken into consideration. 



Care of Trees on Arrival. Very often trees arrive before local 

 conditions permit of their being planted. It is a serious mistake to 

 leave trees for any considerable period in the packages in which they 

 arrive. Not infrequently trees which arrive in good condition are 

 allowed to remain in the packages several days with the result that 

 when they are taken out they are seriously injured if not rendered 

 entirely worthless. 



The object should be to get the tree into the soil as soon after 

 its arrival as possible. If it cannot be planted, it should be "heeled- 

 in." Select if possible, a protected place as on the north side of a 

 building or fence. If a large area is to be planted, it will be found 

 convenient to heel-in the various varieties along the side of the area 

 near their location in the planting. If the trees are in small bundles, 

 and are to remain only a few days, the bundle will not need to be 

 opened although the work is facilitated if this is done. 



Dig a trench about 18 inches deep one side slanting at an angle 

 of about 30 to 45 degrees, depending upon the amount of protection 

 desired of the branches. Place roots of the trees in this trench and 

 cover with earth, packing it down so that all the roots are in contact 

 with the soil, but not tight enough to break the roots. If one trench 

 is insufficient to hold all the trees, take the earth from the side of 

 the trench opposite the tops. In this way a trench for the second lot 

 of trees is dug without additional labor. Where several varieties are 

 to be heeled-m the same place, it is a good plan to put one variety 

 in each trench as this insures keeping the varieties separate without 

 relabelling all the trees. If trees are heeled-in in the open where ex- 

 posed to the sun, the tops should be placed towards the south and the 

 angle with the ground increased so as to give the trunks more pro- 

 tection. Properly heeled-in trees may be left for reasonably long 

 periods without injury. 



Time for Planting. A great many fruit growers in Wisconsin 

 and other parts of the Northwest are misled as to the best time to 

 plant trees by reading articles written by Eastern or Pacific coast 

 growers on the benefits of fall planting. While autumn may be the 

 best time for these growers to set their trees, it is a poor time for the 

 Wisconsin grower if he expects to have many of his trees survive the 

 winter. Climatic conditions are so much different than in the East- 

 ern states of like latitude that the best practice is also different. 



Winter killing of trees in Wisconsin is the result of drying out 



