102 HORTICULTURE, FORESTRY, FLORICULTURE 



der alone, well imbedded in the soil about the base of the tree, is 

 quite sufficient evjen in badly infested orchards, except when un- 

 usually deep snows come and lie a considerable time on the ground. 

 It may then be well to tread down the snow immediately about the 

 trees to prevent mice burrowing about and feeding upon the stems 

 above the protectors. 



In combination with the soil or cinder mound, paper wrappers 

 of different kinds are temporarily effective in protecting from rab- 

 bits; but these protectors should be removed during the summer 

 season because of the fact that they afford excellent places for con- 

 cealment of the Iarva3 of certain insects and for the woolly aphis. 



A simple paper cylinder formed of ordinary printing, wrapping 

 or even newspaper, will serve well for a single winter. 



All paper wrappers should extend a little below the surface of 

 the soil at the base. 



Building Paper. A good grade of building or "sheathing" 

 paper is preferable to wrapping or newspaper for tree protection. 

 According to grade, these heavier wrappers should cost but from one- 

 tenth to one-fifth of a cent each or 10 to 20 cents per 100, if the 

 paper be purchased by the roll of 500 square feet. These may be put 

 on the trees in the form of a plain cylinder, or the paper may be cut 

 into strips from four to six inches wide and wrapped spirally about 

 the stem to the desired height, beginning at the base and fastened 

 with twine in the usual way. 



There are two points of superiority in the plan of spiral wrap- 

 ping, over the cylindrical protector ; first, a crooked bodied tree can 

 be closely and neatly covered; second, the spiral wrapper is more 

 resistant to the strong winds of winter which sometimes play havoc 

 even with building paper protectors if not securely fastened with 

 twine spirally applied. 



Combination Wire Cloth and Building Paper. This protector, 

 when put on carefully, is trustworthy under almost all con- 

 ditions. The wire screen discourages the mice while the paper wrap- 

 per is accepted by the rabbits as an invitation to look elsewhere for 

 forage. The paper may be removed and the screen retained during 

 the growing season. 



Animal Blood. Fresh blood from a slaughter house, applied 

 as a paint to the stems of trees in autumn and again in mid-winter, 

 will prevent the work of rabbits. Or, the bodies of the trees may be 

 well rubbed with a piece of fresh pork or beef liver with the same re- 

 sults. These remedies are not effective against mice, however, and 

 should be used in connection with banking or screening the bases of 

 the trees. 



Various repulsive and unnamable mixtures have from time to 

 time been recommended as against the work of rabbits, but the above 

 is just as serviceable, and much more cleanly to apply. 



An Effective Wash. A thick paint of lime, soap, carbolic acid 

 and sulphur is recommended to protect fruit trees from injury 

 by rabbits, sheep and mice. It is made as follows : Slake one peck 



