HORTICULTURE 103 



of fresh, stone lime with old soap-suds, thinning to the consistency of 

 whitewash. For the one peck of lime add one-half gallon of crude 

 carbolic acid, four pounds of sulphur and one gallon of soft soap. 

 Paint the trunks of the trees with this in late autumn. 



The Modern Lime-Sulphur Mixture. It has been found that 

 the lime-sulphur mixture, such as is used for spraying for scale in- 

 sects, is quite effective in preventing work by rabbits in the orchard 

 and nursery. This is the ordinary 15-15-50 boiled mixture with 

 which nearly all home owners are now familiar. It is used as an 

 autumn spray, the stems of the trees being thoroughly covered with 

 the mixture entirely to the ground. 



For those who desire to prepare a small quantity of the lime- 

 sulphur mixture for a few trees, to be used as a paint, the following 

 will be helpful. Slake one pound of fresh stone lime in a small 

 quantity of hot water. Or, one pound of ordinary hydrated or "pre- 

 pared" lime may be used instead. Boil for one hour the one pound of 

 lime with one pound of sulphur in one gallon of water. Thin the 

 boiled mixture with enough hot water to make three and one-third 

 gallons. This should be used while fresh, keeping it well stirred. 



Conclusion. If young trees be girdled in late spring just as 

 growth is beginning, they may be successfully treated by binding 

 about the wounded parts a heavy covering of smooth tenacious soft 

 clay. A new bark will sometimes form beneath the clay if the inner 

 bark or cambium be not entirely destroyed. It is safer, however, to 

 insert a few long scions. 



This is called "bridge-grafting." The sap circulation of the 

 tree, cut off by the wound made by the rodents, is resumed through 

 the scions which become a part of the tree enlarging and growing 

 together until, in after years, only a slight enlargement or "bulge" 

 on the trunk of the tree thus treated will be noticeable. 



In bridge-grafting, the wounds should be made clean and 

 smooth with a sharp knife and covered entirely with grafting wax. 

 The scions should be cut a trifle longer than the span to be bridged 

 so that, when they are inserted, their curving form will tend to keep 

 them firmly fixed in position. The two ends of the scions are cut 

 to a thin, wedge form. Incisions are made in the bark with a narrow 

 chisel those above the wound sloping upward and those below slop- 

 ing downward. Insert the scions firmly and wax heavily and se- 

 curely all wounds made in the operation, especial care being exer- 

 cised to press the wax in firmly and neatly about the points of union 

 of scions with the body of the tree. The sectional drawing will show 

 more clearly than printed description the manner of making the 

 "bridge." : -(0. E. S. B. 208.) 



Cultivation Injuries. Cultivation is frequently done in such a 

 rough way as to cause serious injury. This can be largely prevented 

 by the use of narrow singletrees and by protecting the ends with 

 leather, or, better still, by using leather traces that go completely 

 around the end of the singletree. The best way of treating wounds 

 of this kind is by applying grafting wax or grafting clay and then 

 covering the whole with burlap to keep it in place. 



