HORTICULTURE 161 



lish and French. It is an excellent method for grafting larger 

 limbs, as it injures the stock less than cleft grafting. 



Splice grafting is like whip grafting, except that no splitting 

 is done, the sloping surfaces being simply placed together and tied. 



Saddle grafting is cut to a wedge shape and the lower end of the 

 scion is split and set upon the wedge, the place of union being tied 

 and waxed. 



The top of the stock is removed in veneer grafting with an 

 abrupt slanting cut. Then beginning at the highest portion of the 

 top of the stock, cut a shaving which is thickest at its base and 

 which can only be removed by a sloping cut. Cut the lower end 

 of the scion in like manner and bind the two firmly together with 

 waxed string. When this style of graft is used as a root graft, no 

 wax is necessary, but when used above ground the wound should 

 be well covered. This method of grafting is adapted to use in either 

 summer or winter. 



In shield grafting the scion is cut very thin, as in bark grafting, 

 and is inserted under the bark of the stock as a bud is inserted in 

 the process of budding and is firmly bound in place with waxed cord 

 or raffia. The scion is cut wedge-snaped in side grafting as for cleft 

 grafting, a chisel or a thick knife blade is forced into the stock, and 

 the wedge of the scion is then forced into the incision. Waxed string 

 arid wax are then used. 



Grafting Wax. A good grafting wax may be made of the fol- 

 lowing ingredients : Resin, 4 parts ; beeswax, 2 parts ; tallow or lin- 

 seed oil, 1 part by weight. If a harder wax is needed, 5 parts of 

 resin and 2 1 /2 of beeswax may be used with 1 part of tallow. The 

 resin and beeswax should be. broken up fine and melted together with 

 the tallow. When thoroughly melted the liquid should be poured 

 into a vessel of cold water. As soon as it becomes hard enough to 

 handle it should be taken out and pulled and worked until it be- 

 comes tough and has the color of very light-colored manila paper. 

 If the wax is applied by hand, the hands should be well greased, 

 tallow being the best material for this purpose. The wax may be 

 applied hot with a brush, but care is necessary in order to avoid in- 

 jury. The wax should be spread carefully over all cut or exposed 

 surfaces and pressed closely, so that upon cooling it will form a sleek 

 coating impenetrable to air and moisture. Waxed string may be 

 prepared by putting a ball of No. 18 knitting cotton into a kettle of 

 melted grafting wax. In five minutes it will be thoroughly saturated, 

 after which it will remain in condition for use indefinitely. 



Budding. There are numerous styles of budding, but here 

 the one in most common use will be described. Budding is one of the 

 most economical forms of artificial reproduction, and each year wit- 

 nesses its more general use. Some nurserymen have gone so far as to 

 use it as a substitute for all modes of grafting, save whip grafting in 

 the propagation of the dwarf pear. Budding is economical in the 

 amount of wood used from which to take buds. In this method a 

 single bud does the work of the three or more upon the scion used 

 in grafting. But while it is economical of wood, it is expensive in the 



