174 HORTICULTURE, FORESTRY, FLORICULTURE 



FOR CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA. 



For this district the following varieties are suggested : 



Eambo. 



Fameuse. 

 *Grimes Golden. 

 *Jonathan. 



Newtown Spitzenburg. 

 *Tompkins King. 



Esopus Spitzenburg. 



Tolman Sweet. 



Yellow Bellflower. 



Eed Canada. 



Ehode Island Greening. 



Swaar. 



Wagener. 

 *Missouri Pippin. 



*White Pearmain. 



Hoover. 



Hubbardston Nonsuch. 

 *White Pippin. 



Blue Pearmain. 

 *Stark. 



*Northern Spy. 

 *Eome Beauty. 



Ealls Genet. 

 *Winesap. 

 *York Imperial. 

 *Yellow Newtown. 



Early Harvest. 

 Yellow Transparent. 

 Eed Astrachan. 

 Eed June. 

 Early Strawberry. 

 Oldenburg, Duchess of. 

 Summer Pearmain. 

 Maiden Blush. 

 Gravenstein. 

 Porter. 

 Fall Pippin. 

 Wealthy. 

 Alexander. 

 Wolf Eiver. 



(F. B. 113.) 



Apples. Apples vary greatly in form. The parts of an apple 

 are skin, flesh, stem, cavity, calyx, basin, core, seeds, hulls, stamens, 

 and pistils. Apples are propagated (a) by root grafting in cellar in 

 winter on whole or piece roots; (6) by crown grafting in the field in 

 spring, and (c) by budding, (a) Seedlings of vigorous, hardy sorts 

 are commonly used in the best apple districts and little attention is 

 paid to the source of the seed. In the Central Western States, where 

 the winters are severe and the snowfall often scanty, much attention 

 is paid to getting hardy stocks. For this purpose seedlings of the 

 hardiest kinds are sought. (6) Seedlings of hardy hybrid crabs also 

 are now much favored for severe locations and have given good re- 

 sults, (c) Seedlings of the pure Pyrus baccata are of great hardiness 

 and have come into use for severe locations, especially for the Dako- 

 tas. Some varieties do not work well on it and all kinds do best on it 

 when budded or grafted at the crown, (d) Dwarf apples are formed 

 by working them on the Paradise stock, which is a dwarf apple stock 

 much used in Europe for this purpose, but seldom used in America. 

 It makes small trees that are adapted to training in various forms. 

 (e) Top working or grafting the tops of trees is practiced in some 

 sections to change the bearing of the trees and to overcome weak- 

 nesses in the trunk of certain kinds, as the "Wealthy, which, in Min- 

 nesota, is liable to canker in the crotches. Some sorts are much 

 more productive when top worked than when merely root grafted. 

 (U. S. E. S. B. 178.) 



Should Apples Be Thinned f Fair conclusions from tests are 

 about as follows: The operation of thinning apples will cost less 

 than 50 cents a tree and may to a slight degree reduce the expense of 

 harvesting the fruit. It will, if crops are heavy, add from 10 to 15 

 per cent to the intrinsic value of the fruit by increasing the size, by 

 improving the quality and by brightening the colors. It will prob- 

 ably decrease the total amount of salable apples, this decrease coming 

 principally in the amount of second grade fruit. It will not, on ma- 

 ture, well-established trees, materially influence the regularity of 

 production or the amount of fruit setting for subsequent crops. The 

 profit, if there be any, must come from the crop thinned. It will, 



