HORTICULTURE 241 



plainly and cheaply made or it may be elaborate and expensive. In 

 order to build a good trellis the posts must be made of durable 

 timber, well set in the ground, and firmly braced to prevent sagging 

 of the wires under the weight of the vines and fruit. The end posts 

 must be securely braced. The wire used in constructing a trellis may 

 be of any size from No. 12 to No. 8. Though the latter will cost a 

 trifle more, it will be much the best in the long run. From three to 

 five strands of wire will be sufficient for a good trellis. 



The Arbor. The arbor, which is really a double trellis, con- 

 nected overhead by a wooden frame, covered with wire netting or 

 wires drawn across the top, may be desirable near the house 

 or in the garden. The vines are trained to an arbor as they should be 

 to any ordinary trellis, except that they are allowed to meet overhead. 

 In this way a shady bower is produced which is very agreeable in 

 hot, sunny weather, while it affords a wider expanse of vine and 

 foliage for the support and maturing of the fruit. 



The Canopy Trellis. A single line of posts are set as for an 

 ordinary trellis. Pieces of scantling about 2% feet in length are 

 spiked horizontally across the top at right angles to the line of the 

 trellis. On the upper side of these cross or horizontal pieces three 

 wires are strung, one at each end and the third in the middle. The 

 vine is trained to the center wire in a single stem, at which level its 

 top or arms are formed. The shoots or bearing wood of the vine 

 droop or hang over the other wires. In some parts of the country, 

 especially in large portions of the South, this form of trellis is very 

 popular with vineyardists. They claim it protects and shades the 

 fruit from the injurious effects of the hot sun. 



Training the Vine: Referring again to the young vine at the 

 end of its second year in the vineyard, with its two branches or canes 

 of that year's growth cut back to a uniform length of about 2 feet, it 

 will be seen that its stem or first year's growth of wood was cut back 

 to about 2 feet, and at this height its two branches of second year's 

 growth were started. The trellis is now built with its lower wire at 

 the same height as the stem of the vine, or about 2 feet from the 

 ground. The branches of the vine grown the second year and 

 intended for its permanent arms are turned down and fastened 

 horizontally to the first wire of the trellis in opposite directions. 



The third year the shoots that spring from these horizontal arms 

 at each node or joint are to be trained upward and made fast to the 

 other wires of the trellis, which are about 1 foot above each other. 

 Each of these upright shoots may be allowed to produce one or two 

 bunches of grapes this year, and there should be about three shoots 

 from each arm of the vine, or six in all. 



If the vine is attached to a building or wall the same plan of 

 training will be followed in developing its permanent parts. The 

 horizontal arms with their upright shoots can be formed on the wall 

 or building just as they should be on the trellis or arbor. 



Pruning. In adapting the vine to wants and requirements 

 radical changes in its habits are necessarily forced upon it. In a 



