404 HORTICULTURE, FORESTRY, FLORICULTURE 



these shingles. The odor, however, disappears in the course of a few 

 weeks two weeks in one case observed; the contamination of the 

 cistern water is also of short duration in one instance the water was 

 tasteless after three days of rain ; and, in any case, the water from 

 a newly creosoted roof can be diverted from the cistern for a week or 

 so, or until there is no danger of making the water taste, and the use 

 of a shingle-nailing machine obviates the difficulty in laying the 

 shingles. All these objections are removed if the shingles are sea- 

 soned for a few weeks between treating and laying. 



It is impossible to paint creosoted shingles satisfactorily ; hence, 

 if the brownish shade of the creosote is deemed undesirable, it is 

 necessary to stain the shingles during the preservative treatment. Of 

 the common colors green pigment is expensive and red and brown 

 are cheaper. Further, it is necessary to use a comparatively large 

 quantity of green to obtain a satisfactorily colored creosote, while a 

 relatively small amount of red or brown pigment suffices. For these 

 reasons it is not feasible to stain shingles green by the open-tank 

 method of creosoting, and brush treatment or dipping must be re- 

 sorted to. The latter two methods may also be used with a variety 

 of patented stains containing creosote. To obtain a red or a red- 

 dish-brown creosote 8 to 12 ounces of "color ground in oil," mixed 

 with an equal bulk of linseed oil, should be used for each gallon of 

 preservative. (F. B. 387.) 



FARM FORESTRY IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 



Leaving out those planting problems which are of such mag- 

 nitude that they must oe handled by the State or by large com- 

 panies, the farmer's part, in the northern forest, will be confined 

 to the restocking of farm woodlots in the various agricultural dis- 

 tricts and to the reforesting of abandoned farm lands in New 

 England. 



The New England landowner is realizing more and more the 

 fact that although portions of his farm may be "run out" or too 

 rocky to compete with the better agricultural land of the West in 

 the production of annual crops, yet they offer a splendid oppor- 

 tunity for a very safe and satisfactory investment in timber grow- 

 ing, and wherever the farm includes sufficient good agricultural 

 land to furnish the necessary annual income, the remainder should, 

 by all means, be devoted to a forest crop. 



Aside from extensive pitch pine plantations on the sandy areas 

 of the Cape territory of Massachusetts and the islands of Marthas 

 Vineyard and Nantucket, more than 90 per cent of the planting 

 in New England has been with white pine. Other conifers which 

 under suitable conditions have been successful are Norway spruce 

 and European larch. Mature plantations of hardwood are com- 

 paratively rare. 



The state governments of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and 

 Vermont distributed about 1,500,000 seedlings in 1908, and these 

 did not supply the demand. One private firm disposed of a million 

 seedlings. Beginning with the spring of 1907, the state nursery 

 of Vermont started in to distribute about 100,000 seedlings a year. 



