ENTOMOLOGY 39 



Orchardists having canker-worms to contend with may confi- 

 dently expect to practically eradicate them in the course of one or 

 two seasons by following the methods above described, namely, thor- 

 oughly spraying the trees with a strong arsenical and thoroughly 

 plowing the ground during the summer. If Paris green is used, this 

 should be applied at the rate of 1 pound for each 100 gallons of 

 water, and unless used in Bordeaux mixture there should always be 

 added the milk of lime made from slaking 4 or 5 pounds of good 

 stone lime. Arsenate of lead may be used at the rate of 6 to 10 

 pounds to 100 gallons of water or Bordeaux mixture, and because 

 of the strength at which it may be used without injury to foliage and 

 its excellent sticking qualities it is to be preferred to other arsenicals 

 for canker-worms. Another important method of protecting high 

 orchard and other trees which it is impracticable to spray is the em- 

 ployment of special protectors, such as bands of cotton, or sticky 

 substances. (Bui. 68 Part II, U. S. D. A. B. E.; Bui. 44, New 

 Hamp. Agr. Exp. Sta.) 



The Apple-Tree Tent Caterpillars. These are dull reddish- 

 brown, stout-bodied moths, with a wing expanse in the females of 

 about 1.5 to 2 inches, and in the males of from 1.2 to 1.3 inches. 

 Obliquely across the forewings of each sex are two nearly parallel 

 whitish lines, as shown in the illustration. The conspicuous and 

 unsightly nests or tents of this insect are familiar objects in the 

 spring. The caterpillars feed upon foliage of the trees, stripping 

 the leaves from the limbs adjacent to the nest. 



The favorite food of the tent caterpillar is the wild cherry, and 

 this is probably its native food plant. Next to the wild cherry the 

 apple is apparently preferred. In the absence of its favorite food, 

 or under special conditions, it attacks many other plants, as plum, 

 peach, thorn, pear, rose, and other members of this group ; also beech, 

 witch-hazel, elm, maple, various species of willows, oaks, and pop- 

 lars, etc. Eggs are deposited in masses or belts encircling the smaller 

 twigs. 



The unsightly nests are especially apt to be found on wild 

 cherry, apple, and other trees growing along roadsides, fences, and 

 elsewhere. In most cases such trees could doubtless be removed with- 

 out disadvantage, and their removal would greatly reduce the num- 

 bers of this pest by lessening their favorite food supply. Tent cater- 

 pillars are readily destroyed by arsenicals sprayed on foliage of trees 

 infested by them. The caterpillars are killed in from two to three 

 days by the use of Paris green at the rate of 1 pound to 300 or 400 

 gallons of water. Orchards or trees sprayed with arsenicals in the 

 spring for the codling moth, canker-worms, or similar insects will be 

 kept practically free from tent caterpillars. (Cir. 98 U. S. D. A. 

 B. E.) 



The Fall Web-worm. The common Fall Web-worm is so 

 named because of the web which it spins over its food plant in Au- 

 gust and September, somewhat resembling that made by the Tent 

 Caterpillar in the spring, with which it is often confused. Tho 

 moths are of a pure white color, the wings expanding an inch to an 



