ENTOMOLOGY 41 



lar is striped with yellowish-white, and dark brown or black lines 

 and a double row of black spines extends along the back. The back 

 is marked with five narrow black lines. The full grown caterpillar 

 is about an inch and a quarter long and tapers toward the posterior 

 end which is usually held in the air. The caterpillars appear about 

 the same time in August and defoliate the limb from the tip inward 

 the same as the Yellow-necked Apple Caterpillar. 



These caterpillars are also gregarious and are often found hud- 

 dled together in masses on the limbs. When handled a caterpillar 

 will emit a fluid which has a peculiar acid smell and which doubtless 

 serves as a defense against its enemies. The caterpillars also feed on 

 plum, rose, thorn, pear, cherry, willow, blackberry, and other related 

 plants. 



As the work of these caterpillars is very quickly noticed and as 

 they habitually feed together in colonies, it is an easy matter to hand 

 pick and destroy them, or swab them off the limbs with a rag or 

 waste saturated with kerosene. When a colony is noticed at the tip 

 of a limb it may be cut off and burned, though this is rarely neces- 

 sary. If this and other caterpillars are common upon the terminals 

 it will be well to spray the trees about August 1st with arsenate of 

 lead, three to five pounds per barrel. To be most effective this should 

 be applied while the caterpillars are still small. 



The White-Marked Tussock Moth. This caterpillar is recogniz- 

 able by its bright red head and by the velvety black back, on which 

 there are four thick tufts of creamy colored hair, looking like round 

 paint brushes. At either end is a pair of long, black, plume-like 

 hair pencils and there are shorter tufts of hair along the sides. In 

 general, the caterpillars give the impression of being yellow, with 

 black and bright red markings. In the winter the eggs may be easily 

 removed and destroyed while pruning the trees. Where apple or- 

 chards have been sprayed with an arsenical, such as Paris green or 

 arsenate of lead late in May, in the usual manner for the codling 

 moth and diseases, there will be little trouble with the first brood, and 

 probably but few of the second. Should the second brood appear nu- 

 merous spraying about August 1st, as- for the other apple caterpillars 

 described, will destroy them. 



Summary. The fall web-worms, yellow-necked apple caterpil- 

 lars, red-humped apple caterpillars, tussock moth caterpillars, and 

 hickory tiger moth caterpillars injure apple foliage in late summer. 

 They may be controlled by spraying with an arsenical insecticide 

 about August first. As it is also desirable to spray for the brown-tail 

 moth at this time, an early August spraying may well be made a reg- 

 ular orchard practice, for which directions are given herein. (Bui. 

 139, N. H. Exp. Sta. ; Bui. M J. E. S.) 



Green Fruit-Worms. From time to time, green worms, about 

 the size of cut-worms, are to be seen working on fruits. The writer 

 has usually found them on apples and once on strawberry. They 

 are apple-green or light-green in color and have three li;ht-yellow- 

 ish stripes running the entire length, one line on the back and one 

 on each side. Sometimes there are additional markings which are 



